Create new file but add number if filename already exists in bash

问题

I found similar questions but not in Linux/Bash

I want my script to create a file with a given name (via user input) but add number at the end if filename already exists.

Example:

$ create somefile
Created "somefile.ext"
$ create somefile
Created "somefile-2.ext"

回答1:

The following script can help you. You should not be running several copies of the script at the same time to avoid race condition.

name=somefile
if [[ -e $name.ext ]] ; then
    i=0
    while [[ -e $name-$i.ext ]] ; do
        let i++
    done
    name=$name-$i
fi
touch "$name".ext

回答2:

Easier:

touch file`ls file* | wc -l`.ext

You'll get:

$ ls file*
file0.ext  file1.ext  file2.ext  file3.ext  file4.ext  file5.ext  file6.ext

回答3:

~~To avoid the race conditions~~:

name=some-file

n=
set -o noclobber
until
  file=$name${n:+-$n}.ext
  { command exec 3> "$file"; } 2> /dev/null
do
  ((n++))
done
printf 'File is "%s"\n' "$file"
echo some text in it >&3

And in addition, you have the file open for writing on fd 3.

With bash-4.4+, you can make it a function like:

create() { # fd base [suffix [max]]]
  local fd="$1" base="$2" suffix="${3-}" max="${4-}"
  local n= file
  local - # ash-style local scoping of options in 4.4+
  set -o noclobber
  REPLY=
  until
    file=$base${n:+-$n}$suffix
    eval 'command exec '"$fd"'> "$file"' 2> /dev/null
  do
    ((n++))
    ((max > 0 && n > max)) && return 1
  done
  REPLY=$file
}

To be used for instance as:

create 3 somefile .ext || exit
printf 'File: "%s"\n' "$REPLY"
echo something >&3

The max value can be used to guard against infinite loops when the files can't be created for other reason than noclobber.

Note that noclobber only applies to the > operator, not >> nor <>.

Remaining race condition

Actually, noclobber does not remove the race condition in all cases. It only prevents clobbering regular files (not other types of files, so that cmd > /dev/null for instance doesn't fail) and has a race condition itself in most shells.

The shell first does a stat(2) on the file to check if it's a regular file or not (fifo, directory, device...). Only if the file doesn't exist (yet) or is a regular file does 3> "$file" use the O_EXCL flag to guarantee not clobbering the file.

So if there's a fifo or device file by that name, it will be used (provided it can be open in write-only), and a regular file may be clobbered if it gets created as a replacement for a fifo/device/directory... in between that stat(2) and open(2) without O_EXCL!

Now, that's only really a concern in the face of a malicious adversary that would want to make you overwrite an arbitrary file on the file system. It does remove the race condition in the normal case of two instances of the same script running at the same time. So, in that, it's better than approaches that check for file existence beforehand with [ -e "$file" ].

For a working version without race condition at all, you could use the zsh shell instead of bash which has a raw interface to open() as the sysopen builtin in the zsh/system module:

zmodload zsh/system

name=some-file

n=
until
  file=$name${n:+-$n}.ext
  sysopen -w -o excl -u 3 -- "$file" 2> /dev/null
do
  ((n++))
done
printf 'File is "%s"\n' "$file"
echo some text in it >&3

回答4:

Try something like this

name=somefile
path=$(dirname "$name")
filename=$(basename "$name")
extension="${filename##*.}"
filename="${filename%.*}"
if [[ -e $path/$filename.$extension ]] ; then
    i=2
    while [[ -e $path/$filename-$i.$extension ]] ; do
        let i++
    done
    filename=$filename-$i
fi
target=$path/$filename.$extension

回答5:

Use touch or whatever you want instead of echo:

echo file$((`ls file* | sed -n 's/file\([0-9]*\)/\1/p' | sort -rh | head -n 1`+1))

Parts of expression explained:

list files by pattern: ls file*
take only number part in each line: sed -n 's/file$[0-9]*$/\1/p'
apply reverse human sort: sort -rh
take only first line (i.e. max value): head -n 1
combine all in pipe and increment (full expression above)

回答6:

Try something like this (untested, but you get the idea):

filename=$1

# If file doesn't exist, create it
if [[ ! -f $filename ]]; then
    touch $filename
    echo "Created \"$filename\""
    exit 0
fi

# If file already exists, find a similar filename that is not yet taken
digit=1
while true; do
    temp_name=$filename-$digit
    if [[ ! -f $temp_name ]]; then
        touch $temp_name
        echo "Created \"$temp_name\""
        exit 0
    fi
    digit=$(($digit + 1))
done

Depending on what you're doing, replace the calls to touch with whatever code is needed to create the files that you are working with.

回答7:

This is a much better method I've used for creating directories incrementally.

It could be adjusted for filename too.

LAST_SOLUTION=$(echo $(ls -d SOLUTION_[[:digit:]][[:digit:]][[:digit:]][[:digit:]] 2> /dev/null) | awk '{ print $(NF) }')
if [ -n "$LAST_SOLUTION" ] ; then
    mkdir SOLUTION_$(printf "%04d\n" $(expr ${LAST_SOLUTION: -4} + 1))
else
    mkdir SOLUTION_0001
fi

回答8:

A simple repackaging of choroba's answer as a generalized function:

autoincr() {
    f="$1"
    ext=""

    # Extract the file extension (if any), with preceeding '.'
    [[ "$f" == *.* ]] && ext=".${f##*.}"

    if [[ -e "$f" ]] ; then
        i=1
        f="${f%.*}";

        while [[ -e "${f}_${i}${ext}" ]]; do
            let i++
        done

        f="${f}_${i}${ext}"
    fi
    echo "$f"
}

touch "$(autoincr "somefile.ext")"

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12187859/create-new-file-but-add-number-if-filename-already-exists-in-bash

标签

Linux

bash

filenames