问题
I am trying to port a query from MySQL to SQL SERVER 2012.
How do i write an equivalent for MySQL's substring_index()?
MySQL SUBSTRING_INDEX() returns the substring from the given string before a specified number of occurrences of a delimiter.
SUBSTRING_INDEX(str, delim, count)
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('www.somewebsite.com','.',2);
Output: 'www.somewebsite'
回答1:
Try this solution based on T-SQL and XQuery((root/row)[position() <= sql:variable("@count")]):
T-SQL Scalar function:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SUBSTRING_INDEX
(
@str NVARCHAR(4000),
@delim NVARCHAR(1),
@count INT
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(4000)
WITH SCHEMABINDING
BEGIN
DECLARE @XmlSourceString XML;
SET @XmlSourceString = (SELECT N'<root><row>' + REPLACE( (SELECT @str AS '*' FOR XML PATH('')) , @delim, N'</row><row>' ) + N'</row></root>');
RETURN STUFF
(
((
SELECT @delim + x.XmlCol.value(N'(text())[1]', N'NVARCHAR(4000)') AS '*'
FROM @XmlSourceString.nodes(N'(root/row)[position() <= sql:variable("@count")]') x(XmlCol)
FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE
).value(N'.', N'NVARCHAR(4000)')),
1, 1, N''
);
END
GO
SELECT dbo.SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.somewebsite.com', N'.', 2) AS Result;
Output:
/*
Result
---------------
www.somewebsite
*/
or
TSQL Inline Table-Valued Function:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SUBSTRING_INDEX
(
@str NVARCHAR(4000),
@delim NVARCHAR(1),
@count INT
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
WITH Base
AS
(
SELECT XmlSourceString = CONVERT(XML, (SELECT N'<root><row>' + REPLACE( (SELECT @str AS '*' FOR XML PATH('')) , @delim, N'</row><row>' ) + N'</row></root>'))
)
SELECT STUFF
(
((
SELECT @delim + x.XmlCol.value(N'(text())[1]', N'NVARCHAR(4000)') AS '*'
FROM Base b
CROSS APPLY b.XmlSourceString.nodes(N'(root/row)[position() <= sql:variable("@count")]') x(XmlCol)
FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE
).value(N'.', N'NVARCHAR(4000)')),
1, 1, N''
) AS Result;
GO
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT N'www.somewebsite.com' UNION ALL
SELECT N'www.yahoo.com' UNION ALL
SELECT N'www.outlook.com'
) a(Value)
CROSS APPLY dbo.SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.Value, N'.', 2) b;
Output:
/*
Value Result
------------------- ---------------
www.somewebsite.com www.somewebsite
www.yahoo.com www.yahoo
www.outlook.com www.outlook
*/
回答2:
I needed this recently, so I wrote the following stored function. At the end are a bunch of tests to make sure it operates exactly as the MySql function does (the expected results were copied from MySql after running the same tests there):
-- Function to reproduce the useful functionality of SUBSTRING_INDEX from MySql
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SUBSTRING_INDEX(@InString NVARCHAR(Max),
@Delimiter NVARCHAR(Max),
@Count INT)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(200)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Pos INT;
DECLARE @DelimiterOffsets TABLE
(
i INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL,
offset INT NOT NULL
);
-- If @Count is zero, we return '' as per spec
IF @Count = 0
BEGIN
RETURN '';
END;
DECLARE @OrigLength INT = LEN(@InString);
DECLARE @DelimiterLength INT = LEN(@Delimiter);
-- Prime the pump.
SET @Pos = Charindex(@Delimiter, @InString, 1);
-- If the delimiter does not exist in @InString, return the whole string
IF @Pos = 0
BEGIN
RETURN @InString;
END;
-- Put all delimiter offsets into @DelimiterOffsets, they get numbered automatically.
DECLARE @CurrentOffset INT = 0;
WHILE @Pos > 0
BEGIN
SET @CurrentOffset = @Pos;
INSERT INTO @DelimiterOffsets
(offset)
VALUES (@CurrentOffset);
SET @Pos = Charindex(@Delimiter, @InString, @CurrentOffset + @DelimiterLength);
END;
-- This number is guaranteed to be > 0.
DECLARE @DelimitersFound INT = (SELECT Count(*) FROM @DelimiterOffsets);
-- If they requested more delimiters than were found, return the whole string, as per spec.
IF Abs(@Count) > @DelimitersFound
BEGIN
RETURN @InString;
END;
DECLARE @StartSubstring INT = 0;
DECLARE @EndSubstring INT = @OrigLength;
-- OK, now return the part they requested
IF @Count > 0
BEGIN
SET @EndSubstring = (SELECT offset
FROM @DelimiterOffsets
WHERE i = @Count);
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @StartSubstring = (SELECT offset + @DelimiterLength
FROM @DelimiterOffsets
WHERE i = (@DelimitersFound + @Count + 1));
END;
RETURN Substring(@InString, @StartSubstring, @EndSubstring);
END;
Go
GRANT EXECUTE ON [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX TO PUBLIC;
-- Tests
DECLARE @TestResults TABLE (i int, answer nVarChar(MAX), expected nVarChar(MAX));
insert into @TestResults
select * from
(
(SELECT 1 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.somewebsite.com', N'.', 2) as r, 'www.somewebsite' as e) UNION
(SELECT 2 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.yahoo.com', N'.', 2) as r, 'www.yahoo' as e) UNION
(SELECT 3 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.outlook.com', N'.', 2) as r, 'www.outlook' as e) UNION
(SELECT 4 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.somewebsite.com', N'.', -2) as r, 'somewebsite.com' as e) UNION
(SELECT 5 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.yahoo.com', N'.', -2) as r, 'yahoo.com' as e) UNION
(SELECT 6 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'www.outlook.com', N'.', -2) as r, 'outlook.com' as e) UNION
(select 7 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX('hi.you.com','.',2) as r, 'hi.you' as e) UNION
(select 8 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX('hi.you.com','.',-1) as r, 'com' as e) UNION
(select 9 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'prueba','ue',1) as r, 'pr' as e) UNION
(select 10 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'prueba','ue',-1) as r, 'ba' as e) UNION
(select 11 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'prueba','ue',0) as r, '' as e) UNION
(SELECT 12 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom', N'xxx', 2) as r, 'wwwxxxoutlook' as e) UNION
(SELECT 13 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom', N'xxx', -2) as r, 'outlookxxxcom' as e) UNION
(SELECT 14 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom', N'xxx', 5) as r, 'wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom' as e) UNION
(SELECT 15 as i, [dbo].SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom', N'xxx', -5) as r, 'wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom' as e)
) as results;
select tr.i,
tr.answer,
tr.expected,
CASE WHEN tr.answer = tr.expected THEN 'Test Succeeded' ELSE 'Test Failed' END testState
from @TestResults tr
order by i;
Here's a version inspired by Bogdan Sahlean's answer using SQL Server's XML functionality to do the parsing and combining:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SUBSTRING_INDEX(@InString NVARCHAR(Max),
@Delimiter NVARCHAR(Max),
@Count INT)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(200)
AS
BEGIN
-- If @Count is zero, we return '' as per spec
IF @Count = 0
BEGIN
RETURN '';
END;
-- First we let the XML parser break up the string by @Delimiter.
-- Each parsed value will be <piece>[text]</piece>.
DECLARE @XmlSourceString XML = (select N'<piece>' + REPLACE( (SELECT @InString AS '*' FOR XML PATH('')) , @Delimiter, N'</piece><piece>' ) + N'</piece>');
-- This will contain the final requested string.
DECLARE @Results nVarChar(MAX);
;WITH Pieces(RowNumber, Piece) as
(
-- Take each node in @XmlSourceString, and return it with row numbers
-- which will identify each piece and give us a handle to change the
-- order, depending on the direction of search.
SELECT row_number() over(order by x.XmlCol) as RowNumber,
@Delimiter + x.XmlCol.value(N'(text())[1]', N'NVARCHAR(MAX)') AS '*'
FROM @XmlSourceString.nodes(N'(piece)') x(XmlCol)
), orderedPieces(RowNumber, Piece) as
(
-- Order the pieces normally or reversed depending on whether they want
-- the first @Count pieces or the last @Count pieces.
select TOP (ABS(@Count))
RowNumber,
Piece
from Pieces
ORDER BY CASE WHEN @Count < 0 THEN RowNumber END DESC ,
CASE WHEN @Count > 0 THEN RowNumber END ASC
), combinedPieces(result) as
(
-- Now combine the pieces back together, ordering them by
-- the original order. There will always
-- be an extra @Delimiter on the front of the string.
select CAST(Piece AS VARCHAR(100))
from OrderedPieces
order by RowNumber
FOR XML PATH(N'')
)
-- Finally, strip off the extra delimiter using STUFF and store the string in @Results.
select @Results = STUFF(result, 1, LEN(@Delimiter), '') from combinedPieces;
return @Results;
END;
Running the tests produces this:
i answer expected testState
1 www.somewebsite www.somewebsite Test Succeeded
2 www.yahoo www.yahoo Test Succeeded
3 www.outlook www.outlook Test Succeeded
4 somewebsite.com somewebsite.com Test Succeeded
5 yahoo.com yahoo.com Test Succeeded
6 outlook.com outlook.com Test Succeeded
7 hi.you hi.you Test Succeeded
8 com com Test Succeeded
9 pr pr Test Succeeded
10 ba ba Test Succeeded
11 Test Succeeded
12 wwwxxxoutlook wwwxxxoutlook Test Succeeded
13 outlookxxxcom outlookxxxcom Test Succeeded
14 wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom Test Succeeded
15 wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom wwwxxxoutlookxxxcom Test Succeeded
回答3:
CREATE FUNCTION FN_SUBSTRING_INDEX
(
@TEXTO NVARCHAR(200),
@SUBSTRING_INDEX NVARCHAR(10),
@DESPLAZAMIENTO INT
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(200)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @indiceSubstring INT
DECLARE @RESULTADO NVARCHAR(200)
SELECT @indiceSubstring = CHARINDEX(@SUBSTRING_INDEX,@TEXTO)
IF @DESPLAZAMIENTO > 0
BEGIN
SELECT @RESULTADO=SUBSTRING(@TEXTO,@indiceSubstring+@DESPLAZAMIENTO+1,LEN(@TEXTO))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SELECT @RESULTADO=SUBSTRING(@TEXTO,0,@indiceSubstring-@DESPLAZAMIENTO-1)
END
RETURN @RESULTADO
END
GO
to right select dbo.FN_SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'prueba','ue',1);
to left select dbo.FN_SUBSTRING_INDEX(N'prueba','ue',-1);
回答4:
Try This One.....
CREATE FUNCTION SubString_Index
(
@ExistingString NVARCHAR(200),
@BreakPoint NVARCHAR(10),
@number INT
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(200)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Count INT
DECLARE @Substring NVARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @ssubstring NVARCHAR(200)
SET @ssubstring=@ExistingString
DECLARE @scount INT
SET @scount=0
DECLARE @sscount INT
SET @sscount=0
WHILE(@number>@scount)
BEGIN
Select @Count=CHARINDEX(@BreakPoint,@ExistingString)
Select @ExistingString=SUBSTRING(@ExistingString,@Count+1,LEN(@ExistingString))
Select @scount=@scount+1
select @sscount=@sscount+@Count
END
SELECT @Substring=SUBSTRING(@ssubstring,0,@sscount)
RETURN @Substring
END
GO
select dbo.SubStringIndex('hi.you.com','.',1)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23854724/sql-server-equivalent-of-substring-index-function-in-mysql