问题
I've got a script that needs to reference the initial commit in a repository. git has the special reference HEAD, but doesn't have the corresponding TAIL. I cannot find anything in git help rev-parse that would seem to help me.
Here's what I'd like to do:
git show TAIL
Here's one option I have:
git show `git log --reverse | if read a commit ; then echo $commit ; fi`
That's pretty hacky and depends on the output of git log not changing.
Right now I just tag the initial commit and use that as my refspec. However, I'd like to release a general tool, so that's not a great option.
回答1:
Do not use git-log for scripting: use either git-rev-list, or git-log with specified custom format (--format=*<sth>* option).
There is additional problem with your question: there can exist more than one such TAIL root commit (parentless commit) in a repository (even if we discount disconnected branches, such as 'html', 'man' and 'todo' in git.git repository). This is usually result of joining separate projects in one, or using subtree merge of separately developed subproject.
For example git repository has 6 root commits: git-gui, gitk (subtree-merged), gitweb (merged in, no longer developed separately), git mail tools (merged very early in project history), and p4-fast-export (perhaps accidental). That is not counting roots of 'html and 'man' branches, "convenience" branches which contains pre-generated documentation, and 'todo' branch with TODO list and scripts.
If you have git 1.7.4.2 or newer, you can use the --max-parents option:
$ git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD
Otherwise, you can get list of all parentless (root) commits accessible from current branch using:
$ git rev-list --parents HEAD | egrep "^[a-f0-9]{40}$"
回答2:
git rev-list HEAD | tail -n 1 is a more stable option.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1006775/how-to-reference-the-initial-commit