问题
I understand in general how to make a POST request using urllib2 (encoding the data, etc.), but the problem is all the tutorials online use completely useless made-up example urls to show how to do it (someserver.com, coolsite.org, etc.), so I can't see the specific html that corresponds to the example code they use. Even python.org's own tutorial is totally useless in this regard.
I need to make a POST request to this url:
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/search.jsf
The relevant part of the code is this (I think):
<form id="simpleSearchSearchForm" name="simpleSearchSearchForm" method="post" action="/search/en/search.jsf" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" style="display:inline">
<input type="hidden" name="simpleSearchSearchForm" value="simpleSearchSearchForm" />
<div class="rf-p " id="simpleSearchSearchForm:sSearchPanel" style="text-align:left;z-index:-1;"><div class="rf-p-hdr " id="simpleSearchSearchForm:sSearchPanel_header">
Or maybe it's this:
<input id="simpleSearchSearchForm:fpSearch" type="text" name="simpleSearchSearchForm:fpSearch" class="formInput" dir="ltr" style="width: 400px; height: 15px; text-align: left; background-image: url("https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/org.richfaces.resources/javax.faces.resource/org.richfaces.staticResource/4.5.5.Final/PackedCompressed/classic/org.richfaces.images/inputBackgroundImage.png"); background-position: 1px 1px; background-repeat: no-repeat;">
If I want to encode JP2014084003 as the search term, what is the corresponding value in the html to use? input id? name? value?
Addendum: this answer does not answer my question, because it just repeats the information I've already looked at in the python docs page.
UPDATE:
I found this, and tried out the code in there, specifically:
import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
payload = {'name':'simpleSearchSearchForm:fpSearch','value':'2014084003'}
link = 'https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/search.jsf'
session = requests.Session()
resp = session.get(link,headers=headers)
cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies))
resp = session.post(link,headers=headers,data=payload,cookies =cookies)
r = session.get(link)
f = open('htmltext.txt','w')
f.write(r.content)
f.close()
I get a successful response (200) but the data, once again is simply the data in the original page, so I don't know whether I'm posting to the form correctly and there's something else I need to do to get it to return the data from the search results page, or if I'm still posting the data wrong.
And yes, I realize that this uses requests instead of urllib2, but all I want to be able to do is get the data.
回答1:
This is not the most straight forward post request, if you look in developer tools or firebug you can see the formdata from a successful browser post:
All that is pretty straight forward bar the fact you see some : embedded in the keys which may be a bit confusing, simpleSearchSearchForm:commandSimpleFPSearch is the key and Search.
The only thing that you cannot hard code is javax.faces.ViewState, we need to make a request to the site and then parse that value which we can do with BeautifulSoup:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = "https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/search.jsf"
data = {"simpleSearchSearchForm": "simpleSearchSearchForm",
"simpleSearchSearchForm:j_idt341": "EN_ALLTXT",
"simpleSearchSearchForm:fpSearch": "automata",
"simpleSearchSearchForm:commandSimpleFPSearch": "Search",
"simpleSearchSearchForm:j_idt406": "workaround"}
head = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.75 Safari/537.36"}
with requests.Session() as s:
# Get the cookies and the source to parse the Viewstate token
init = s.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(init.text, "lxml")
val = soup.select_one("#j_id1:javax.faces.ViewState:0")["value"]
# update post data dict
data["javax.faces.ViewState"] = val
r = s.post(url, data=data, headers=head)
print(r.text)
If we run the code above:
In [13]: import requests
In [14]: from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
In [15]: url = "https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/search.jsf"
In [16]: data = {"simpleSearchSearchForm": "simpleSearchSearchForm",
....: "simpleSearchSearchForm:j_idt341": "EN_ALLTXT",
....: "simpleSearchSearchForm:fpSearch": "automata",
....: "simpleSearchSearchForm:commandSimpleFPSearch": "Search",
....: "simpleSearchSearchForm:j_idt406": "workaround"}
In [17]: head = {
....: "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.75 Safari/537.36"}
In [18]: with requests.Session() as s:
....: init = s.get(url)
....: soup = BeautifulSoup(init.text, "lxml")
....: val = soup.select_one("#j_id1:javax.faces.ViewState:0")["value"]
....: data["javax.faces.ViewState"] = val
....: r = s.post(url, data=data, headers=head)
....: print("\n".join([s.text.strip() for s in BeautifulSoup(r.text,"lxml").select("span.trans-section")]))
....:
Fuzzy genetic learning automata classifier
Fuzzy genetic learning automata classifier
FINITE AUTOMATA MANAGER
CELLULAR AUTOMATA MUSIC GENERATOR
CELLULAR AUTOMATA MUSIC GENERATOR
ANALOG LOGIC AUTOMATA
Incremental automata verification
Cellular automata music generator
Analog logic automata
Symbolic finite automata
You will see it matches the webpage. If you want to scrape sites you need to get familiar with developer tools/firebug etc.. to watch how the requests are made and then try to mimic. To get firebug open, right click on the page and select inspect element, click the network tab and submit your request. You just have to select the requests from the list then select whatever tab you want info on i.e params for out post request:
You may also find this answer useful on how to approach posting to a site.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37241491/python-urllib2-or-requests-post-method