Net Core: Execute All Dependency Injection in Xunit Test for AppService, Repository, etc

Question

I am trying to implement Dependency Injection in Xunit test for AppService. Ideal goal is to run the original application program Startup/configuration, and use any dependency injection that was in Startup, instead of reinitializing all the DI again in my test, thats the whole Goal in question.

Update: Mohsen's answer is close. Need to update couple syntax/requirement errors to work.

For some reason, original application works and can call Department App Service. However, it cannot call in Xunit. Finally got Testserver working using Startup and Configuration from original application. Now receiving error below:

Message: The following constructor parameters did not have matching fixture data: IDepartmentAppService departmentAppService

namespace Testing.IntegrationTests
{
    public class DepartmentAppServiceTest
    {
        public DBContext context;
        public IDepartmentAppService departmentAppService;

        public DepartmentAppServiceTest(IDepartmentAppService departmentAppService)
        {
            this.departmentAppService = departmentAppService;
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task Get_DepartmentById_Are_Equal()
        {
            var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<SharedServicesContext>()
                .UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: "TestDatabase")
                .Options;
            context = new DBContext(options);

            TestServer _server = new TestServer(new WebHostBuilder()
                .UseContentRoot("C:\\OriginalApplication")
                .UseEnvironment("Development")
                .UseConfiguration(new ConfigurationBuilder()
                    .SetBasePath("C:\\OriginalApplication")
                    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
                    .Build()).UseStartup<Startup>());

            context.Department.Add(new Department { DepartmentId = 2, DepartmentCode = "123", DepartmentName = "ABC" });
            context.SaveChanges();

            var departmentDto = await departmentAppService.GetDepartmentById(2);

            Assert.Equal("123", departmentDto.DepartmentCode);
        }
    }
}

I am receiving this error:

Message: The following constructor parameters did not have matching fixture data: IDepartmentAppService departmentAppService

Need to use Dependency injection in testing just like real application. Original application does this. Answers below are not currently sufficient , one uses mocking which is not current goal, other answer uses Controller which bypass question purpose.

Note: IDepartmentAppService has dependency on IDepartmentRepository which is also injected in Startup class, and Automapper dependencies. This is why calling the whole startup class.

Good Resources:

how to unit test asp.net core application with constructor dependency injection

Dependency injection in Xunit project

Answer 1

You are mixing unit test with integration test. TestServer is for integration test and if you want to reuse Startup class to avoid register dependencies again, you should use HttpClient and make HTTP call to controller and action that use IDepartmentAppService.

If you want do unit test, you need to setup DI and register all needed dependencies to test IDepartmentAppService.

Using DI through Test Fixture:

public class DependencySetupFixture
{
    public DependencySetupFixture()
    {
         var serviceCollection = new ServiceCollection();
         serviceCollection.AddDbContext<SharedServicesContext>(options => options.UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: "TestDatabase"));
         serviceCollection.AddTransient<IDepartmentRepository, DepartmentRepository>();
         serviceCollection.AddTransient<IDepartmentAppService, DepartmentAppService>();

         ServiceProvider = serviceCollection.BuildServiceProvider();
    }

    public ServiceProvider ServiceProvider { get; private set; }
}

public class DepartmentAppServiceTest : IClassFixture<DependencySetupFixture>
{
    private ServiceProvider _serviceProvide;

    public DepartmentAppServiceTest(DependencySetupFixture fixture)
    {
        _serviceProvide = fixture.ServiceProvider;
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Get_DepartmentById_Are_Equal()
    {
        using(var scope = _serviceProvider.CreateScope())
        {   
            // Arrange
            var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetServices<SharedServicesContext>();
            context.Department.Add(new Department { DepartmentId = 2, DepartmentCode = "123", DepartmentName = "ABC" });
            context.SaveChanges();

            var departmentAppService = scope.ServiceProvider.GetServices<IDepartmentAppService>();

            // Act
            var departmentDto = await departmentAppService.GetDepartmentById(2);

            // Arrange
            Assert.Equal("123", departmentDto.DepartmentCode);           
        }
    }
}

Using dependency injection with unit test is not good idea and you should avoid that. by the way if you want don't repeat your self for registering dependencies, you can wrap your DI configuration in another class and use that class anywhere you want.

Using DI through Startup.cs:

public class IocConfig
{
    public static IServiceCollection Configure(IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration)
    {
         serviceCollection
            .AddDbContext<SomeContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(configuration["ConnectionString"]));
         serviceCollection.AddScoped<IDepartmentRepository, DepartmentRepository>();
         serviceCollection.AddScoped<IDepartmentAppService, DepartmentAppService>();
         .
         .
         .

         return services;
    }
}

in Startup class and ConfigureServices method just useIocConfig class:

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
         IocConfig.Configure(services, configuration);

         services.AddMvc();
         .
         .
         .

if you don't want use IocConfig class, change ConfigureServices in Startup class:

public IServiceCollection ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
     .
     .
     .
     return services;

and in test project reuse IocConfig or Startup class:

public class DependencySetupFixture
{
    public DependencySetupFixture()
    {
          var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
                .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false, true));
         configuration = builder.Build();

         var services = new ServiceCollection();

         // services = IocConfig.Configure(services, configuration)
         // or
         // services = new Startup(configuration).ConfigureServices(services);

         ServiceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
    }

    public ServiceProvider ServiceProvider { get; private set; }
}

and in test method:

[Fact]
public async Task Get_DepartmentById_Are_Equal()
{
    using (var scope = _serviceProvider.CreateScope())
    {
        // Arrange
        var departmentAppService = scope.ServiceProvider.GetServices<IDepartmentAppService>();

        // Act
        var departmentDto = await departmentAppService.GetDepartmentById(2);

        // Arrange
        Assert.Equal("123", departmentDto.DepartmentCode);
    }
}

Answer 2

Use Custom Web Application Factory and ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService below, feel free to edit and optimize answer

CustomWebApplicationFactory:

public class CustomWebApplicationFactory<TStartup> : WebApplicationFactory<TStartup> where TStartup : class
{
    protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, configurationBuilder) =>
        {
            var type = typeof(TStartup);
            var path = @"C:\\OriginalApplication";

            configurationBuilder.AddJsonFile($"{path}\\appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);
            configurationBuilder.AddEnvironmentVariables();
        });

        // if you want to override Physical database with in-memory database
        builder.ConfigureServices(services =>
        {
            var serviceProvider = new ServiceCollection()
                .AddEntityFrameworkInMemoryDatabase()
                .BuildServiceProvider();

            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDBContext>(options =>
            {
                options.UseInMemoryDatabase("DBInMemoryTest");
                options.UseInternalServiceProvider(serviceProvider);
            });
        });
    }
}

Integration Test:

public class DepartmentAppServiceTest : IClassFixture<CustomWebApplicationFactory<OriginalApplication.Startup>>
{
    public CustomWebApplicationFactory<OriginalApplication.Startup> _factory;
    public DepartmentAppServiceTest(CustomWebApplicationFactory<OriginalApplication.Startup> factory)
    {
        _factory = factory;
        _factory.CreateClient();
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task ValidateDepartmentAppService()
    {      
        using (var scope = _factory.Server.Host.Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var departmentAppService = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<IDepartmentAppService>();
            var dbtest = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ApplicationDBContext>();
            dbtest.Department.Add(new Department { DepartmentId = 2, DepartmentCode = "123", DepartmentName = "ABC" });
            dbtest.SaveChanges();
            var departmentDto = await departmentAppService.GetDepartmentById(2);
            Assert.Equal("123", departmentDto.DepartmentCode);
        }
    }
}

Resources:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/test/integration-tests?view=aspnetcore-2.2

https://fullstackmark.com/post/20/painless-integration-testing-with-aspnet-core-web-api

Answer 3

When you are testing. You need to use mocking libraries or Inject your service directly on contructor ie.

public DBContext context;
public IDepartmentAppService departmentAppService;

/// Inject DepartmentAppService here
public DepartmentAppServiceTest(DepartmentAppService departmentAppService)
{
    this.departmentAppService = departmentAppService;
}