Identify the changed fields in django post_save signal

问题

I'm using django's post_save signal to execute some statements after saving the model.

class Mode(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
    mode = models.BooleanField()


from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver

@receiver(post_save, sender=Mode)
def post_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
        # do some stuff
        pass

Now I want to execute a statement based on whether the value of the mode field has changed or not.

@receiver(post_save, sender=Mode)
def post_save(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
        # if value of `mode` has changed:
        #  then do this
        # else:
        #  do that
        pass

I looked at a few SOF threads and a blog but couldn't find a solution to this. All of them were trying to use the pre_save method or form which are not my use case. https://docs.djangoproject.com/es/1.9/ref/signals/#post-save in the django docs doesn't mention a direct way to do this.

An answer in the link below looks promising but I don't know how to use it. I'm not sure if the latest django version supports it or not, because I used ipdb to debug this and found that the instance variable has no attribute has_changed as mentioned in the below answer.

Django: When saving, how can you check if a field has changed?

回答1:

Set it up on the __init__ of your model so you'll have access to it.

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super(YourModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    self.__original_mode = self.mode

Now you can perform something like:

if instance.mode != instance.__original_mode:
    # do something useful

回答2:

Ussually it's better to override the save method than using signals.

From Two scoops of django: "Use signals as a last resort."

I agree with @scoopseven answer about caching the original value on the init, but overriding the save method if it's possible.

class Mode(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
    mode = models.BooleanField()
    __original_mode = None

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(Mode, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.__original_mode = self.mode

    def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.mode != self.__original_mode:
            #  then do this
        else:
            #  do that

        super(Mode, self).save(force_insert, force_update, *args, **kwargs)
        self.__original_mode = self.mode

回答3:

This is an old question but I've come across this situation recently and I accomplished it by doing the following:

class Mode(models.Model):

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.pk:
            # If self.pk is not None then it's an update.
            cls = self.__class__
            old = cls.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
            # This will get the current model state since super().save() isn't called yet.
            new = self  # This gets the newly instantiated Mode object with the new values.
            changed_fields = []
            for field in cls._meta.get_fields():
                field_name = field.name
                try:
                    if getattr(old, field_name) != getattr(new, field_name):
                        changed_fields.append(field_name)
                except Exception as ex:  # Catch field does not exist exception
                    pass
            kwargs['update_fields'] = changed_fields
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

This is more effective since it catches all updates/saves from apps and django-admin.

回答4:

If you want to compare state before and after save action, you can use pre_save signal which provide you instance as it should become after database update and in pre_save you can read current state of instance in database and perform some actions based on difference.

from django.db.models.signals import pre_save
from django.dispatch import receiver


@receiver(pre_save, sender=MyModel)
def on_change(sender, instance: MyModel, **kwargs):
    if instance.id is None: # new object will be created
        pass # write your code here
    else:
        previous = MyModel.objects.get(id=instance.id)
        if previous.field_a != instance.field_a: # field will be updated
            pass  # write your code here

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36719566/identify-the-changed-fields-in-django-post-save-signal