Django query expression for calculated fields that require conditions and casting

问题

I am trying to run an aggregation query that is roughly equals to:

select 
    sum(impressions) as impressions, 
    sum(clicks) as clicks, 
    sum(clicks)/sum(impressions) as ctr 
from stats 
group by product
order by ctr;

The database used is PostgreSQL.

I made this query expression (Django 1.9):

Stats.objects.values('product').annotate(
    impressions = models.Sum('impressions'), 
    clicks = models.Sum('clicks'), 
    ctr = models.ExpressionWrapper(
        models.F('clicks')/models.F('impressions')), output_field = models.FloatField()
    )
).order_by('ctr')

There are 2 problems with it:

• ctr is 0.0 because it divides integers at the database level
• it throws division by zero if impressions are 0

What is the proper solution?

回答1:

Use conditional expressions:

from django.db.models import Case, F, Sum, When

Stats.objects.values('product').annotate(
    tot_impressions=Sum('impressions'), 
    tot_clicks=Sum('clicks')
).annotate(
    ctr=Case(When(tot_impressions=0, then=None),  # or other value, e.g. then=0
             # 1.0*... is to get float in SQL
             default=1.0*F('tot_clicks')/F('tot_impressions'),
             output_field=models.FloatField())
).order_by('ctr')

回答2:

The exact math on how you scale this is up to you, but adding in a python constant inside a nested ExpressionWrapper should suffice:

ctr = models.ExpressionWrapper(
    models.F('clicks')/models.ExpressionWrapper(
        models.F('impressions') + 1, output_field = models.FloatField()
    ),
    output_field = models.FloatField()
)

回答3:

You can use the django-pg-utils package for the divide query expression that handles division by zero and returns float values

from pg_utils import divide

Stats.objects.annotate(ctr=divide(F('clicks'), F('impressions')))

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34733760/django-query-expression-for-calculated-fields-that-require-conditions-and-castin