OC图书馆系统
功能介绍：
1.图书馆内可以添加、删除书籍。
2.图书馆可以查询书籍的信息，包括书名、作者、书籍编号、书籍分类、书籍剩余可借阅量。
3.图书馆可以打印出总书单，还可以按照要求查询某一作者或某一类别的书单。
4.学生类可以在图书馆中借阅书籍，并可计算借阅时间（书籍的借出时间将归档在你电脑上的某个文件中，直至归还），超时将额外收费。
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
下面先从Book类开始：
Book类建立：
@interface：
@interface Book : NSObject<NSCoding,NSCopying>
@property(copy,nonatomic) NSString *bookName,*bookWriter,*bookPrice,*sort;
@property int bookCode,bookCount;
@property NSDate *borrowTime,*returnTime;
@property NSString *strborrowtime;
Book类属性包括NSString：书名、作者、价格及分类，int：书本编号、书本数量，
NSDate：借出及归还时间，NSString：借出时间的string格式。这里不需要归还时间的string格式，是因为我们只需要储存借出时间。
-(instancetype)init;
-(void)setbookName:(NSString * _Nonnull)name andWriter:(NSString * _Nonnull)writer;
-(void)setbookPrice:(NSString * _Nonnull)price andBookCode:(int)code;
-(void)bookPrint;
-(void) setSort:(NSString *)sortname;
-(void)assignbookName:(NSString *)theBookName andWriter:(NSString *)theWriter
andPrice:(NSString *)thePrice andSort:(NSString *)theSort andBookCount:(int)theCount andBookCode:(int)theCode;
@end
建立Book类的实例函数，它包括：初始化方法、设置书籍的书名及作者、
设置书籍的价格及编码（当然可以都归入同一函数中）、打印书本、设置书籍的分类、及将书籍排序方法。下面是每一个函数的具体方法。
@implementation:
@implementation Book
@synthesize bookName,bookWriter,bookPrice,bookCode,sort,bookCount,quality,borrowTime,returnTime,strborrowtime;
-(instancetype)init;在书籍初始化时，所有NSString内容为空，所有int数据为0：
-(instancetype)init{
bookCode = 0;
bookName = @" ";
bookPrice = @" ";
bookWriter = @" ";
bookCount = 0;
sort = @" ";
return self;
}
-(void)setbookName:(NSString * _Nonnull)name andWriter:(NSString * _Nonnull)writer;
设置书籍的书名及作者：
-(void)setbookName:(NSString *)name andWriter:(NSString *)writer
{
bookName = name;
bookWriter = writer;
}
其余设置函数相同，这里不再写。
-(void)bookPrint;将书本打印出来时，相当于打印封面，上面将有书籍的基本信息。
-(void)bookPrint{
NSLog(@"=============================");
NSLog(@"| %-19@|",bookName);
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| %-20@|",bookWriter);
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| |");
NSLog(@"| $%-16@|",bookPrice);
NSLog(@"| %-18i|",bookCode);
NSLog(@"=============================");
}
Library类的建立：
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "Book.h"
@interface:
@interface Library : NSObject<NSCopying,NSCoding>
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSMutableArray *library;
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSString *libraryName;
Library类的属性包括：可变数组library（用于添加书籍）、NSString图书馆名称。
在后续用到文件的归解档时，这里需要发生一些小改变。
-(instancetype)initWithName;
-(instancetype)init;
-(void)addBook:(Book *)book;
-(void)removeBook:(Book *)book;
-(void)printLibrary;
-(int)bookCount;
-(void)printInSort:(NSString *)sortname;
-(void)addBookCount:(Book *)book andCount:(int)number;
-(void)substractBookCount:(Book *)book andCount:(int)number;
-(void)searchBookByWriter:(NSString *)writer;
-(void)searchBookBySort:(NSString *)sort;
-(void)getBookCount:(Book *)book;
Library类的实例方法包括：初始化、添加书本、移除书本、打印书单、返回书本总数、
按分类打印书单、添加书本数量、减少书本数量、按关键字搜索书本并列出书单。下面来看每个实例方法的具体代码：
@implementation:
@synthesize library,libraryName;
-(instancetype)initWithName;
-(instancetype)initWithName{
self = [super self];
if(self){
libraryName = @"西安工业大学图书馆--书单";
library = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return self;
}
这里直接将图书馆命名为西工院，若想修改，只需修改-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *):yourUniversityLibraryName即可，并在函数内进行替换。同时，初始化一个NSMutableArray可变数组library。
-(int)bookCount;要获得书籍总数，只需要将library中所有Book类对象的bookCount进行累加:
-(int)bookCount{
int a = 0;
for (Book *book in library) {
a += book.bookCount;
}
return a;
}
-(void)addBook:(Book *)book;添加书本:
if ([library containsObject:book]) {
NSLog(@"请勿重复添加");
}
else
[library addObject:book];
}
-(void)removeBook:(Book *)book;移除书本：
-(void)removeBook:(Book *)book{
[library removeObject:book];
}
-(void)printLibrary打印总书单：
NSString *name = @"书名";
NSString *code = @"编码";
NSString *writer = @"作者";
NSString *sort = @"类别";
NSString *number = @"可借阅数量";
NSLog(@"=====================================Contens of :%@ ================================",self.libraryName);
NSLog(@"%-28s %-33s %-20s %-20s %-15s", [name UTF8String],
[writer UTF8String], [code UTF8String],[sort UTF8String],[number UTF8String]);
NSLog(@"\n");
for (Book *book in library) {
NSLog(@"%-25s %-30s %-20i %-20s %-15i", [book.bookName UTF8String],
[book.bookWriter UTF8String], book.bookCode,[book.sort UTF8String],book.bookCount);
}
NSLog(@"======================================================================================================");
}
-(void)addBookCount:(Book *)book andCount:(int)number;添加书本数量：
if(![library doesContain:book]){
NSLog(@"新书请登记");
}
前提是馆内已有此书，否则应该使用addBook函数。
else{
for (Book *thebook in library) {
if (thebook == book) {
thebook.bookCount += number;
break;
}
else
continue;
}
}
}
-(void)substractBookCount:(Book *)book andCount:(int)number;同理，减少书本数量：
-(void)substractBookCount:(Book *)book andCount:(int)number{
for (Book *thebook in library) {
if (thebook == book && thebook.bookCount >= number) {
thebook.bookCount -= number;
}
else
continue;
}
NSLog(@"库存不足");
}
-(void)searchBookByWriter:(NSString *)writer;通过搜索作者名（可不输完整名），来查找书单：
-(void)searchBookByWriter:(NSString *)writer{
NSLog(@"===============================================Search of :%@ ========================================",writer);
for (Book *book in library) {
if ([book.bookWriter containsString:writer]) {
NSLog(@"%-25s %-30s %-20i %-20s %-15i", [book.bookName UTF8String],
[book.bookWriter UTF8String], book.bookCode,[book.sort UTF8String],book.bookCount);
}
else
continue;
}
NSLog(@"======================================================================================================");
}
-(void)searchBookBySort:(NSString *)sort;同理，通过搜索类别来查找书籍：
-(void)searchBookBySort:(NSString *)sort{
NSLog(@"===============================================Search of :%@ ========================================",sort);
for (Book *book in library) {
if ([book.sort containsString:sort]) {
NSLog(@"%-25s %-30s %-20i %-20s %-15i", [book.bookName UTF8String],
[book.bookWriter UTF8String], book.bookCode,[book.sort UTF8String],book.bookCount);
}
else
continue;
}
NSLog(@"======================================================================================================");
}
-(void)getBookCount:(Book *)book;获得某一本书的库存量：
-(void)getBookCount:(Book *)book;{
NSLog(@"%s的数量为:%i",[book.bookName UTF8String],book.bookCount);
}
Student类的建立：
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "Book.h"#import "Library.h"
@interface:
student类的属性包括：NSString类型的姓名、学号，NSMutableArray类型的ownbook在借图书，以及余额。
在文件的归解档时，也要在此做小修改。
@interface Student : NSObject
@property(copy,nonatomic)NSString *name,*idnumber;
@property(strong,nonatomic)NSMutableArray *ownBook;
@property int money;
学生类的实例函数包括：初始化、借书、还书、查看已借书、打印个人信息、充钱、扣钱、查看余额。
-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)sname andidNumber:(NSString *)sidnumber;
-(void)borrowBook:(NSString *)bookname from:(Library *)libraryname;
-(void)returnBook:(NSString *)bookname to:(Library *)libraryname;
-(void)checkOwnBook;
-(void)printInformation;
-(void)addMoney:(int)themoney;
-(void)substractMoney:(int)themoney;
-(int)checkAccount;
@implementation：
@implementation Student
@synthesize name,idnumber,ownBook,money;
下面看每个实例方法的具体函数：-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)sname andidNumber:(NSString *)sidnumber;
初始化并设置姓名及ID。
-(instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)sname andidNumber:(NSString *)sidnumber{
name = sname;
idnumber = sidnumber;
ownBook = [NSMutableArray array];
money= 0;
return self;
}
-(void)addMoney:(int)themoney;充钱：
-(void)addMoney:(int)themoney{
money += themoney;
}
扣钱同理。
-(int)checkAccount;查看余额：
-(int)checkAccount{
while (self.money<=0) {
NSLog(@"请及时充值");
}
return self.money;
}
-(void)printInformation;打印个人信息:
-(void)printInformation{
NSLog(@"%@同学你好，您的学号是%@，您已借阅%lu本书",self.name,self.idnumber,(unsigned long)ownBook.count);
}
-(void)checkOwnBook;查看已借书籍（假设没人最多同时借5本）:
-(void)checkOwnBook{
for (Book *book in self.ownBook) {
[book bookPrint];
}
NSLog(@"您已借阅%lu本书，还能借阅%lu本书",(unsigned long)ownBook.count,5-ownBook.count);
}
接下来是最重要的借书与还书函数：
首先借书：-(void)borrowBook:(NSString *)bookname from:(Library *)libraryname;这里实现的是根据书名来借书。
只有借书成功了，才会有文字提示。需要注意的是string类型的比较，这里用到了isEqualToString而不是==。
-(void)borrowBook:(NSString *)bookname from:(Library *)libraryname{
for (Book *rbookname in libraryname.library) {
if ([rbookname.bookName isEqualToString: bookname] && rbookname.bookCount > 0 ) {
[self.ownBook addObject:rbookname];
rbookname.bookCount--;
[self substractMoney:1];
break;
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
}
-(void)returnBook:(NSString *)bookname to:(Library *)libraryname;还书。
-(void)returnBook:(NSString *)bookname to:(Library *)libraryname{
double totalTime;
for (Book *rbookname in self.ownBook) {
if ([rbookname.bookName isEqualToString:bookname]) {
for (Book *b in libraryname.library) {
if ([b.bookName isEqualToString:rbookname.bookName]) {
[b addBookCount:1];
}
}
NSLog(@"成功归还");
[self.ownBook removeObject:rbookname];
}
else{
continue;
}
}
至此一个较为完整的图书馆就建立完成了。下面开始讲解如何计算借阅时间。
先讲讲思路，给书添加两个NSDate属性，分别是借出时间和归还时间，最后用timeInterval函数求出间隔时间即是借阅时间。
当借阅时间大于规定时间时，则额外收费。
在计算节约时间之前，我们先来将图书馆和学生进行文件归档。先来了解一下不同的归档方式。
方式1:
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:id toFile:String * (.arch)];
id = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:String *(.arch) ];
方式2：利用NSData
NSMutableData *dataArea;
NSkeyedArchiver *archiver;
id *id;
dataArea = [NSMutableData data]; //设置数据区
archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:dataArea];
[archiver encodeObject:id forKey:String * ];
[archiver finishEncoding];
[dataArea writeToFile:String * automically:YES];
NSData *dataArea;
NSKeyedUnArchiver *unarchiver;
id *id;
dataArea = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:String * ];
unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnArchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:dataArea];
id = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:String *];
[unarchiver finishingDecoding];
首先对Book类对象编写编码和解码函数：
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder{
[encoder encodeObject:self.bookName forKey:@"BookName"];
[encoder encodeObject:self.bookWriter forKey:@"BookWriter"];
[encoder encodeObject:self.sort forKey:@"Sort"];
[encoder encodeObject:self.bookPrice forKey:@"BookPrice"];
[encoder encodeInt:self.bookCount forKey:@"BookCount"];
[encoder encodeInt:self.bookCode forKey:@"BookCode"];
[encoder encodeObject:self.strborrowtime forKey:@"BorrowTime"];
}
-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder{
bookName = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"BookName"];
bookWriter = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"BookWriter"];
sort = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"Sort"];
bookPrice = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"BookPrice"];
bookCount = [decoder decodeIntForKey:@"BookCount"];
bookCode = [decoder decodeIntForKey:@"BookCode"];
strborrowtime = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"BorrowTime"];
return self;
}
这里需要注意的是，不同类型在编解码时，应使用不同的编解码方式。例如：
NSString 可以使用[encoder encodeObject:self.bookName forKey:@"BookName"];bookName = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"BookName"];
而到了Int时，应使用[encoder encodeInt:self.bookCount forKey:@"BookCount"];bookCount = [decoder decodeIntForKey:@"BookCount"];
如果不区分这里，编译器并不会报错，但在解码时，Int型会发生错误。
编写完Book类的编解码函数后，下面来处理Library，我直接将归解档分别编入了一个函数，如下：
-(void)readFile:(NSString *)filePath{
NSData *dataArea;
NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarciver;
dataArea = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
unarciver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:dataArea];
self.library = [unarciver decodeObjectForKey:@"Library"];
self.libraryName = [unarciver decodeObjectForKey:@"LibraryName"];
[unarciver finishDecoding];
}
-(void)writeToFile:(NSString *)filePath{
NSMutableData *dataArea;
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver;
dataArea = [NSMutableData data];
archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:dataArea];
[archiver encodeObject:library forKey:@"Library"];
[archiver encodeObject:libraryName forKey:@"LibraryName"];
[archiver finishEncoding];
if ([dataArea writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES] == YES) {
NSLog(@"成功导出文件");
}
else
NSLog(@"导出文件失败");
}
相当于利用字典，将待处理的值和对应的键一起储存起来，所以，对应值的key一定要相同。
同理，Student类也可以用相同的方法。
-(void)readFile:(NSString *)filePath{
NSData *dataArea;
NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarciver;
dataArea = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
unarciver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:dataArea];
self.name = [unarciver decodeObjectForKey:@"Name"];
self.idnumber = [unarciver decodeObjectForKey:@"IDNumber"];
self.ownBook = [unarciver decodeObjectForKey:@"OwnBook"];
self.money = [unarciver decodeIntForKey:@"Money"];
[unarciver finishDecoding];
}
-(void)writeToFile:(NSString *)filePath{
NSMutableData *dataArea;
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver;
dataArea = [NSMutableData data];
archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:dataArea];
[archiver encodeObject:name forKey:@"Name"];
[archiver encodeObject:idnumber forKey:@"IDNumber"];
[archiver encodeInt:money forKey:@"Money"];
[archiver encodeObject:ownBook forKey:@"OwnBook"];
[archiver finishEncoding];
if ([dataArea writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES] == YES) {
NSLog(@"成功导出文件");
}
else
NSLog(@"导出文件失败");
}
好了，现在可以处理计算借阅时间了。我也想把借书时间归档进文件中，但是编解码中，
没有适当的函数对NSDate数据进行处理，所以，这里我们将新建一个NSString来和NSDate进行相互转换。
我们不需要储存归还时间，当然只是针对我想实现的功能。
首先在Book类里添加3个属性：
@property NSDate *borrowTime,*returnTime;
@property NSString *strborrowtime;
显然，borrowTime在学生类的borrowBook函数中能用到,当学生成功借到一本书时，这本书的borrowTime即记录当地时间。
修改学生类的借书函数：
for (Book *rbookname in libraryname.library) {
if ([rbookname.bookName isEqualToString: bookname] && rbookname.bookCount > 0 ) {
[self.ownBook addObject:rbookname];
NSLog(@"同学你好，你已成功借到%@，基础费用一元，七天后归还加收三元。",rbookname.bookName);
rbookname.bookCount--;
[self substractMoney:1];
rbookname.borrowTime = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter *f1 = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[f1 setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"];
rbookname.strborrowtime = [f1 stringFromDate:rbookname.borrowTime];
NSLog(@"借书成功");
break;
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
在学生借到书后，borrowTime获取时间，并将时间以一个格式传给strborrowtime。这样我们就可以把strborrowtime一起归档。
rbookname.borrowTime = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter *f1 = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[f1 setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"];
rbookname.strborrowtime = [f1 stringFromDate:rbookname.borrowTime];
下面修改学生的还书函数。
double totalTime;
for (Book *rbookname in self.ownBook) {
if ([rbookname.bookName isEqualToString:bookname]) {
for (Book *b in libraryname.library) {
if ([b.bookName isEqualToString:rbookname.bookName]) {
[b addBookCount:1];
}
}
rbookname.returnTime = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter *f1 = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[f1 setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"];
NSTimeZone *zone = [[NSTimeZone alloc] initWithName:@"CUT"];
[f1 setTimeZone:zone];
rbookname.borrowTime = [f1 dateFromString:rbookname.strborrowtime];
totalTime = [rbookname.returnTime timeIntervalSinceDate:rbookname.borrowTime];
NSLog(@"您的借阅时长为%.2f。",totalTime);
if (totalTime > 3) {
NSLog(@"加收三元");
[self substractMoney:3];
}
NSLog(@"成功归还");
[self.ownBook removeObject:rbookname];
}
else{
continue;
}
}
这里需要用到NSTimeZone，并设置时区，将储存后又被取出的strborrow重新赋给borrowTime。
再利用函数求出totalTime。
double totalTime;
rbookname.returnTime = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter *f1 = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[f1 setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"];
NSTimeZone *zone = [[NSTimeZone alloc] initWithName:@"CUT"];
[f1 setTimeZone:zone];
rbookname.borrowTime = [f1 dateFromString:rbookname.strborrowtime];
totalTime = [rbookname.returnTime timeIntervalSinceDate:rbookname.borrowTime];
代码部分全部完成，下面来实际操作一下。
首先创建一本书，并设置基本信息。
Book *book1 = [[Book alloc] init];
[book1 setbookName:@"Objective-C" andWriter:@"Stephen·G"];
[book1 setbookPrice:@"23.99" andBookCode:11043901];
[book1 setSort:@"CS"];
[book1 setBookCount:10];
然后创建一个图书馆。
Library *xatu = [[Library alloc] initWithName];
[xatu addBook:book1];
接着创建一个学生。
Student *s1 = [[Student alloc] initWithName:@"NING" andidNumber:@"1704****113"];
[s1 setMoney:10];
我们先来看看图书馆的书单
[xatu printLibrary];
接着看看学生的借书情况
[s1 checkOwnBook];
接下来我们进行借书操作，再次查看借书情况
[s1 borrowBook:@"Objective-C" from:xatu];
[s1 checkOwnBook];
然后学生离去，数据都将归档,填写路径。
[xatu writeToFile:@"/Users/ningxuhui/Desktop/code/Objective-C/图书馆检索总系统/图书馆检索总系统/xatulibrary.arc "];
[s1 writeToFile:@"/Users/ningxuhui/Desktop/code/Objective-C/图书馆检索总系统/图书馆检索总系统/student.arc"];
此后，在对Library和Student要做 出更新时，都可以新建对象，并从文件中获得数据。
比如现在刚刚那位借书的同学来还书了，但我们不可能记住每个人的信息。
我们可以新建一个图书馆和一个学生，在一个全新的main中,导入信息。
Library *xatu = [[Library alloc] init];
Student *s1 = [[Student alloc] init];
[xatu readFile:@"/Users/ningxuhui/Desktop/code/Objective-C/图书馆检索总系统/图书馆检索总系统/xatulibrary.arc"];
[s1 readFile:@"/Users/ningxuhui/Desktop/code/Objective-C/图书馆检索总系统/图书馆检索总系统/student.arc"];
我们来验证一下
[xatu printLibrary];
[s1 checkOwnBook];
果然，没有问题，那么现在进行还书操作
[s1 returnBook:@"Objective-C" to:xatu];
从刚刚同学借书开始，到我重新解档帮他还书之间，总共过了306.16秒，这就是他的总借阅时间。为了效果，我将规定时间设置成了3秒，所以他将被额外收费。
还书后，我们来看看图书馆和学生的信息
[xatu printLibrary];
[s1 checkOwnBooks];
NSLog(@"余额为%d"，[s1 checkAccount);
完全正确。
最后一个问题，所有NSMutableArray在解码后，均无法再进行添加和移除操作。问题就在：
@property (copy,nonatomic)NSMutableArray *library;
@property(copy,nonatomic)NSMutableArray *ownBook;
只需要把copy全部更改成strong，就解决了。
来源：CSDN
作者：uiuc彭于晏
链接：https://blog.csdn.net/awdasdasd1/article/details/103449060