How to extract numbers from a string?

问题

I have string contains a path

string="toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def"

I want to extract only the numbers from this string.

To extract the first number:

tmp="${string#toto.titi.*.}"
num1="${tmp%.tata*}"

To extract the second number:

tmp="${string#toto.titi.*.tata.*.}"
num2="${tmp%.abc.def}"

So to extract a parameter I have to do it in 2 steps. How to extract a number with one step?

回答1:

You can use tr to delete all of the non-digit characters, like so:

echo toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def | tr -d -c 0-9

回答2:

To extract all the individual numbers and print one number word per line pipe through -

tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/[^0-9]/ /g' -e 's/^ *//g' -e 's/ *$//g' | tr -s ' ' | sed 's/ /\n/g'

Breakdown:

Replaces all line breaks with spaces: tr '\n' ' '
Replaces all non numbers with spaces: sed -e 's/[^0-9]/ /g'
Remove leading white space: -e 's/^ *//g'
Remove trailing white space: -e 's/ *$//g'
Squeeze spaces in sequence to 1 space: tr -s ' '
Replace remaining space separators with line break: sed 's/ /\n/g'

Example:

echo -e " this 20 is 2sen\nten324ce 2 sort of" | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/[^0-9]/ /g' -e 's/^ *//g' -e 's/ *$//g' | tr -s ' ' | sed 's/ /\n/g'

Will print out

回答3:

Parameter expansion would seem to be the order of the day.

$ string="toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def"
$ read num1 num2 <<<${string//[^0-9]/ }
$ echo "$num1 / $num2"
12 / 2

This of course depends on the format of $string. But at least for the example you've provided, it seems to work.

This may be superior to anubhava's awk solution which requires a subshell. I also like chepner's solution, but regular expressions are "heavier" than parameter expansion (though obviously way more precise). (Note that in the expression above, [^0-9] may look like a regex atom, but it is not.)

You can read about this form or Parameter Expansion in the bash man page. Note that ${string//this/that} (as well as the <<<) is a bashism, and is not compatible with traditional Bourne or posix shells.

回答4:

This would be easier to answer if you provided exactly the output you're looking to get. If you mean you want to get just the digits out of the string, and remove everything else, you can do this:

d@AirBox:~$ string="toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def"
d@AirBox:~$ echo "${string//[a-z,.]/}"
122

If you clarify a bit I may be able to help more.

回答5:

Using awk:

arr=( $(echo $string | awk -F "." '{print $3, $5}') )
num1=${arr[0]}
num2=${arr[1]}

回答6:

You can also use sed:

echo "toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def" | sed 's/[0-9]*//g'

Here, sed replaces

any digits (class [0-9])
repeated any number of times (*)
with nothing (nothing between the second and third /),
and g stands for globally.

Output will be:

toto.titi..tata..abc.def

回答7:

Use regular expression matching:

string="toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def"
[[ $string =~ toto\.titi\.([0-9]+)\.tata\.([0-9]+)\. ]]
# BASH_REMATCH[0] would be "toto.titi.12.tata.2.", the entire match
# Successive elements of the array correspond to the parenthesized
# subexpressions, in left-to-right order. (If there are nested parentheses,
# they are numbered in depth-first order.)
first_number=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
second_number=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}

回答8:

Hi adding yet another way to do this using 'cut',

echo $string | cut -d'.' -f3,5 | tr '.' ' '

This gives you the following output: 12 2

回答9:

Here is a short one:

string="toto.titi.12.tata.2.abc.def"
id=$(echo "$string" | grep -o -E '[0-9]+')

echo $id // => output: 12 2

with space between the numbers. Hope it helps...

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17883661/how-to-extract-numbers-from-a-string

标签

Linux

bash

shell

substring