How to avoid multiple instances of a program?

问题

I need to find a right way to prevent two running instances of my (Python) program. I am currently using the following method.

On Windows,

os.popen('wmic process get caption,processid | findstr `programname.exe`')

On Linux,

os.popen('ps x | grep `programname`')

It seems to work fine for now. Is this method correct? Can someone suggest to me a better way?

edit: Thanks for the reply guys, Is anything wrong with the above methods? I tried the pid file way for linux. What if the pid file gets deleted somehow?

回答1:

There are numerous ways:

have an "instance file" in /var/run or similar (cross-platform)
use a fixed socket (cross-platform)
use DBus to register a name (linux)

What you need is a service (external to your application) that manages a namespace where unique ids are available & enforced.

回答2:

on Linux, I used to write a pidfile, roughly:

if (pidfile already exists)
    read pidfile content
    if (/proc/<pid>/exec == my executable)
        already running, exit
    else
        it´s a stale pidfile, delete it
write my own pid to pidfile
start the 'real' work

lately, i´ve heard of the flock(1) tool. it´s easier to use in bash scripts:

( flock -n 200 || exit
    # ... commands executed under lock ...
) 200>/var/lock/mylockfile

and not too hard to use from 'real' programming languages, just open a file and try to get a flock(2) on it.

回答3:

For linux, see the answer from jldupont. For windows, use the CreateMutex-method, to create a named mutex. See: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686927%28VS.85%29.aspx

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1900979/how-to-avoid-multiple-instances-of-a-program

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