问题
When one tries to import a module foo while being in the source directory, one gets an rather confusing ImportError message: ImportError: No module named foo.
How can I easily catch this case and return a more informative message, e.g. 'Please do not load module foo from the source directory'?
Having the __init__.py, I would start with:
try:
from _foo import *
except ImportError:
## check whether in the source directory...
So I would like to distinguish the different causes for an ImportError (e.g. because a module named foo is not installed at all), and detect the case in which the setup.py is located in the current directory. What would be a elegant way of doing this?
回答1:
ImportError: No module named foo actually means the module foo.py or package foo/__init__.py could not be found in any of the directories in the search path (sys.path list).
Since sys.path usually contains . (the current directory), that's probably what you meant by being in the source directory. You are in the top-level directory of package foo (where the __init__.py file is) so obviously you can't find foo/__init__.py.
Finally, you've answered your own question, more or less:
try:
from _foo import *
except ImportError:
raise ImportError('<any message you want here>')
Alternatively, you could check the contents of sys.path, the current directory and, if known, the expected package directory and produce an even detailed and context-aware message.
Or add .. to the PYTHONPATH environment variable (on Unix) to allow you to run from your source directory. Might even work on Windows, but I wouldn't know.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14750711/catch-python-importerror-if-import-from-source-directory