问题
I am trying to put a web interface on a lengthy server side process which should send regular progress\statistic reports to the client as the process is running. How can I do this?
Here is what I have attempted so far. The session in the webmethod is null for as long as the loop is processing. Once the loop is finished and you press the start button again, it is able to pick up the session value and populate the label. How do I get this to send updates to the client while the process is running?
I am using VS2012 and ASP.NET 4.5.
EDIT: To be more specific, the problem occurs while the server is busy with the loop. If I take the loop away and simply try to pull a variable value from the server at regular intervals then there is no problem. Put that variable in a loop and try and fetch it at regular intervals and you'll see what the problem is, the code I have posted should clarify the issue if you run it.
Thanks.
Default.aspx
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="ClientProgressTest.Default" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function GetCount() {
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "Default.aspx/GetCount",
contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
data: {},
dataType: "json",
success: function (data) {
lblCount.innerHTML = data.d;
},
error: function (result) {
alert(result.status + ' ' + result.statusText);
}
});
setTimeout(GetCount, 5000);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<label id="lblCount"></label>
<br />
<br />
<asp:Button ID="btnGetCount" runat="server" Text="Get Count" OnClientClick="GetCount();" OnClick="btnGetCount_Click" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Default.aspx.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
namespace ClientProgressTest
{
public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
[WebMethod(EnableSession = true)]
public static string GetCount()
{
string count = null;
if (HttpContext.Current.Session["count"] != null)
{
count = HttpContext.Current.Session["count"].ToString();
}
return count;
}
protected void btnGetCount_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Session["count"] = null;
for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
{
Session["count"] = i;
}
}
}
}
回答1:
I put a lengthy answer to this question here : How to update a status label inside ajax request
For the sake of others being able to find the same solution i'll paste the answer here too:
==================================================================================
This example is using JQuery for the AJAX and the code-behind is in vb.net.
Essentially what you need to do is make your first call to begin the long process, then make a second call, repeatedly, using a second method to get the status of the long one.
AJAX
This is your main call to the long process. If needed, you will need to pass in the data to the method. Notice there is a processName. This should be a random string of sorts to ensure that you get the status of this process only. Other users will have a different random processName so you don't get confused status.
JAVASCRIPT
var processName = function GenerateProcessName() {
var str = "";
var alhpabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
for (i = 1; i < 20; i++) {
str += alhpabet.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * alhpabet.length + 1));
}
return str;
}
function StartMainProcess(){
$j.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/MyWebservice.asmx/MyMainWorker",
data: "{'processName' : '" + processName + "','someOtherData':'fooBar'}",
contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
dataType: "json",
success: function (msg) {
if (msg.d) {
// do a final timerPoll - process checker will clear everything else
TimerPoll();
}
}
});
TimerPoll();
}
Your second AJAX call will be to another method to get the progress. This will be called every XXX time by a timer method.
This is the TimerPoll function; which will fire every 3 seconds in this case
JAVASCRIPT
function TimerPoll() {
timer = setTimeout("GetProgress()", 3000)
}
And finally, the GetProgress() function to, well, get the progress. We have to pass in the same processName used above, to get the process of this users call only
JAVASCRIPT
function GetProgress() {
// make the ajax call
$j.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/MyWebService.asmx/MyMainWorkerProgress",
data: "{'processName' : '" + processName + "'}",
contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
dataType: "json",
success: function (msg) {
// Evaulate result..
var process = msg.d
if (process.processComplete) {
// destroy the timer to stop polling for progress
clearTimeout(timer);
// Do your final message to the user here.
} else {
// show the messages you have to the user.
// these will be in msg.d.messages
// poll timer for another trip
TimerPoll();
}
});
}
Now, in the back-end, you will have a couple of web methods that your AJAX communicates with. You will also need a shared/static object to hold all of the progress information, along with anything you want to pass back to the user.
In my case, i created a class which has its properties filled and passed back with every call to MyMainWorkerProcess. This looks a little like this.
VB.NET
Public Class ProcessData
Public Property processComplete As Boolean
Public Property messages As List(Of String) = New List(Of String)
End Class
I also have a shared property using this class, which looks like... ( this shared property is capable of holding multiple process progresses by multiple users - hence the dictionary. the key of the dictionary will be the process name. All progress data will be in the class ProcessData
Private Shared processProgress As Dictionary(Of String, ProcessData) = New Dictionary(Of String, ProcessData)
My main worker function looks a little like this. Notice that we first make sure there isn't another processProgress with the same
VB.NET
<WebMethod()> _
<ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat:=ResponseFormat.Json)> _
Public Function MyMainWorker(ByVal processName as string, ByVal SomeOtherData as string) as Boolean
'' Create progress object - GUI outputs process to user
'' If the same process name already exists - destroy it
If (FileMaker.processProgress.ContainsKey(processName)) Then
FileMaker.processProgress.Remove(processName)
End If
'' now create a new process
dim processD as ProcessData = new ProcessData() with {.processComplete = false}
'' Start doing your long process.
'' While it's running and after whatever steps you choose you can add messages into the processData which will be output to the user when they call for the updates
processD.messages.Add("I just started the process")
processD.messages.Add("I just did step 1 of 20")
processD.messages.Add("I just did step 2 of 20 etc etc")
'' Once done, return true so that the AJAX call to this method knows we're done..
return true
End Function
now all that is left is to call the progress method..All this is going to do is return the dictionary processData that has the same processName we set up earlier..
VB.NET
<WebMethod()> _
<ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat:=ResponseFormat.Json)> _
Public Function MyMainWorkerProgress(ByVal processName As String) As ProcessData
Dim serializer As New JavaScriptSerializer()
If (FileMaker.processProgress.ContainsKey(processName)) Then
Return processProgress.Item(processName)
Else
Return New ProcessData()
End If
End Function
And voila..
So to recap..
- Create 2 web methods - one to do the long process and one to return it's progress
- Create 2 separate calls to these web methods. The first is to the main worker, the second, which is repeated xx seconds, to one that will give the progress
- Output your messages to the user however you see fit...
don't shoot me if there are a few typos :)
回答2:
Typical web application frameworks are not well suited for this kind of thing. That is to say this isn't just a drawback of ASP.Net you'll run into this in PHP, RoR and I suspect many other frameworks in the future.
Long running tasks should be pawned off on processes that exist outside of IIS. There's no reason to bog down your web server with something that isn't about serving web pages. You can do this by either spawning a process from within your web application code or create a service that is constantly running in the background and checking some common resource (like a database) for jobs.
In either case the common resource would serve as a progress indicator. The external process would continuously update some value say, PercentComplete as the task moves along. Meanwhile your web application would need some kind of method for checking this value and returning it to the client. An AJAX web method would probably give you the best results.
回答3:
Create a web service that will return the current progress for the process. Set up a timer in the client script that when fired, gets the current progress from the web service then dynamically updates the client-side display element with the new value.
回答4:
Probably the most up to date and fun way of implementing (if you're not hiving it off outside the web server process) this would be to use Signal R hubs to relay back messages to the client. Check it out on git hub here https://github.com/SignalR/SignalR
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13724795/how-do-i-update-the-client-with-server-side-variables-during-a-lengthy-loop