How do you use Ruby/DL? Is this right?

问题

I am trying to write an interface between RSPEC (ruby flavoured BDD) and a Windows application. The application itself is written in an obscure language, but it has a C API to provide access. I've gone with Ruby/DL but am having difficulties getting even the most basic call to a DLL method to work. Here is what I have so far, in a file called gt4r.rb:

require 'dl/import'

module Gt4r
  extend DL::Importable
  dlload 'c:\\gtdev\\r321\\bin\\gtvapi'

  # GTD initialization/termination functions
  extern 'int GTD_init(char *[], char *, char *)'
  extern 'int GTD_initialize(char *, char *, char *)'
  extern 'int GTD_done(void)'
  extern 'int GTD_get_error_message(int, char **)'
end

My reading so far suggests that this is all I need to get going, so I wrote up a RSPEC example:

require 'gt4r'

@@test_environment = "INCLUDE=C:\\graphtalk\\env\\aiadev\\config\\aiadev.ini"
@@normal_user = "BMCHARGUE"

describe Gt4r do
  it 'initializes' do
      rv = Gt4r.gTD_initialize @@normal_user, @@normal_user, @@test_environment
      rv.should == 0
  end
end

And when run...

C:\code\GraphTalk>spec -fs -rgt4r gt4r_spec.rb

Gt4r
- initializes (FAILED - 1)

1)
'Gt4r initializes' FAILED
expected: 0,
     got: 13 (using ==)
./gt4r_spec.rb:9:

Finished in 0.031 seconds

1 example, 1 failure

The return value (13) is an actual return code, meaning an error, but when I try to add the gTD_get_error_message call to my RSPEC, I can't get the parameters to work.

Am I heading in the right direction and can anyone point to the next thing I can try?

Thanks, Brett

A follow up to this question, showing the part that fails when I try to get the error message from my target library:

require 'gt4r'

@@test_environment = "INCLUDE=C:\\graphtalk\\env\\aiadev\\config\\aiadev.ini"
@@normal_user = "BMCHARGUE"

describe Gt4r do
  it 'initializes' do
      rv = Gt4r.gTD_initialize @@normal_user, @@normal_user, @@test_environment
      Gt4r.gTD_get_error_message rv, @msg
      @msg.should == ""
      rv.should == 0
  end
end

I expect the error message to be returned in @msg, but when run I get the following:

Gt4r
(eval):5: [BUG] Segmentation fault
ruby 1.8.6 (2008-08-11) [i386-mswin32]


This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual way.
Please contact the application's support team for more information.

And this if I use a symbol (:msg) instead:

C:\code\GraphTalk\gt4r_dl>spec -fs -rgt4r gt4r_spec.rb

Gt4r
- initializes (ERROR - 1)

1)
NoMethodError in 'Gt4r initializes'
undefined method `to_ptr' for :msg:Symbol
(eval):5:in `call'
(eval):5:in `gTD_get_error_message'
./gt4r_spec.rb:9:

Finished in 0.046 seconds

1 example, 1 failure

Clearly I am missing something about passing parameters between ruby and C, but what?

回答1:

The general consensus is you want to avoid DL as much as possible. The (english) documentation is quite sketchy and the interface is difficult to use for anything but trivial examples.

Ruby native C interface is MUCH easier to program against. Or you could use FFI, which fills a similiar niche to DL, originally comes from the rubinius project and has recently been ported to "normal" ruby. It has a nicer interface and is much less painful to use:

http://blog.headius.com/2008/10/ffi-for-ruby-now-available.html

回答2:

The return value (13) is an actual return code, meaning an error, but when I try to add the gTD_get_error_message call to my RSPEC, I can't get the parameters to work.

It might help posting the error instead of the code that worked :)

Basically, once you start having to deal with pointers as in (int, char **), things get ugly.