scanf format to ignore irrelevant characters

问题

I wrote a short example code to illustrate my problem

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

unsigned parseAndCompareDouble(const char* inSTR, const char* inF, const char * expect, const char * outF){
    unsigned e = 0;
    char buffer[2000];
    double a = 0;
    if( 1 != sscanf_s( inSTR, inF, &a, sizeof(double) ) ) e += 1;
    if( (int) strlen(expect) != sprintf_s(buffer, 2000, outF, a) ) e += 1;
    if( 0 != strcmp(expect, buffer) ) e += 1;
    return e;
}

unsigned main( void )
{
    unsigned e = 0;
    const char * universalFormat = "X/%lf";

    e += parseAndCompareDouble("X/100", universalFormat, "X/100", "X/%3.0lf");
    e += parseAndCompareDouble("     X/100\r\n", universalFormat, "X/100", "X/%3.0lf");
    e += parseAndCompareDouble("     X/99\r\n", universalFormat, "X/99", "X/%2.0lf");
    e += parseAndCompareDouble("     X / 99 ", universalFormat, "X/99", "X/%2.0lf");
    e += parseAndCompareDouble("X/99", universalFormat, "X/99", "X/%2.0lf");
    e += parseAndCompareDouble("     \"X/100\"\r\n", universalFormat, "X/100", "X/%3.0lf");  

    if( 0 != e ){ printf( "%2u errors occured\n", e ); }
    else{ printf( "all pass\n", e ); }
    return e;
}

I am looking for a universalFormat that lets my example fixture pass the test. I tried to fiddle around with %*s but I just don't get it rigth. I am missing some concept.

Can someone provide the universalFormat that fits this example and explain how to get there.

回答1:

You can use the following format:

const char * universalFormat = "%*[^/]/%lf";

The %*[^/] tells scanf to ignore everything that isn't a /. I am assuming your sscanf_s function will understand it, although I am unable to verify that myself. Here's the working program (slightly modified).

Daniel Fischer has brought to my attention that the sscanf_s and sprintf_s functions are defined in Annex K of C Standard 2011 (C11). I raised a question about its relation to conformance.

Knowing that "X /" is in the string is of importance for me.

It seems you are trying to use sscanf to parse free-form input, which is not really its forte. If you are willing to change your parsing code, you can use the modified version of the format string to accomplish this:

const char * universalFormat = "%[^/]/%lf";

Now, your parsing code will need to be updated to read in the string corresponding to the %[^/] specifier, and then you can do some simple scanning on it to make sure it meets your requirements.

char xbuffer[2000];
const char *xp;
/*...*/
if( 2 != sscanf_s( inSTR, inF, xbuffer, sizeof(xbuffer), &a, sizeof(a) ) ) e += 1;
if( (xp = strrchr(xbuffer, 'X')) == 0 || strcspn(xp, "X \t") != 0 ) e += 1;

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16696428/scanf-format-to-ignore-irrelevant-characters

标签

string-formatting

scanf