Django JOIN query without foreign key

问题

Is there a way in Django to write a query using the ORM, not raw SQL that allows you to JOIN on another table without there being a foreign key? Looking through the documentation it appears in order for the One to One relationship to work there must be a foreign key present?

In the models below I want to run a query with a JOIN on UserActivity.request_url to UserActivityLink.url.

class UserActivity(models.Model):
    id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    last_activity_ip = models.CharField(max_length=45L, blank=True)
    last_activity_browser = models.CharField(max_length=255L, blank=True)
    last_activity_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    request_url = models.CharField(max_length=255L, blank=True)
    session_id = models.CharField(max_length=255L)
    users_id = models.IntegerField()
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'user_activity'

class UserActivityLink(models.Model):
    id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    url = models.CharField(max_length=255L, blank=True)
    url_description = models.CharField(max_length=255L, blank=True)
    type = models.CharField(max_length=45L, blank=True)
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'user_activity_link'

The link table has a more descriptive translation of given URLs in the system, this is needed for some reporting the system will generate.

I've tried creating the foreign key from UserActivity.request_url to UserActivityLink.url but it fails with the following error: ERROR 1452: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails

回答1:

No, there isn't an effective way unfortunately.

The .raw() is there for this exact thing. Even if it could it probably would be a lot slower than raw SQL.

There is a blogpost here detailing how to do it with query.join() but as they themselves point out. It's not best practice.

回答2:

Just reposting some related answer, so everyone could see it. Taken from here: Most efficient way to use the django ORM when comparing elements from two lists

First problem: joining unrelated models

I'm assuming that your Model1 and Model2 are not related, otherwise you'd be able to use Django's related objects interface. Here are two approaches you could take:

1. Use extra and a SQL subquery:

   Model1.objects.extra(where = ['field in (SELECT field from myapp_model2 WHERE ...)'])
   

   Subqueries are not handled very efficiently in some databases (notably MySQL) so this is probably not as good as #2 below.

2. Use a raw SQL query:

   Model1.objects.raw('''SELECT * from myapp_model1
                      INNER JOIN myapp_model2
                      ON myapp_model1.field = myapp_model2.field
                      AND ...''')
   

Second problem: enumerating the result

Two approaches:

1. You can enumerate a query set in Python using the built-in enumerate function:

   enumerate(Model1.objects.all())
   

2. You can use the technique described in this answer to do the enumeration in MySQL. Something like this:

   Model1.objects.raw('''SELECT *, @row := @row + 1 AS row
                      FROM myapp_model1
                      JOIN (SELECT @row := 0) rowtable
                      INNER JOIN myapp_model2
                      ON myapp_model1.field = myapp_model2.field
                      AND ...''')
   

回答3:

The Django ForeignKey is different from SQL ForeignKey. Django ForeignKey just represent a relation, it can specify whether to use database constraints.

Try this:

request_url = models.ForeignKey(UserActivityLink, to_field='url_description', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False)

Note that the db_constraint=False is required, without it Django will build a SQL like:

ALTER TABLE `user_activity` ADD CONSTRAINT `xxx` FOREIGN KEY (`request_url`) REFERENCES `user_activity_link` (`url_description`);" 

I met the same problem, after a lot of research, I found the above method.

Hope it helps.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16669422/django-join-query-without-foreign-key