find first of documents for each distinct values for one field

Question

With a collection of documents with fields field1, field2, field3 and so on, I need to find

1. distinct values for field3
2. for each distinct value of field3, need to get the first document with each distinct value in field3

For # 1, I could do db.myCollection.distinct("field3")

How do I go about #2 ?

Sample Collection:

[
    { "field1": 11, "field2": "toyota", "field3": "camry" },
    { "field1": 22, "field2": "toyota", "field3": "corolla" },
    { "field1": 33, "field2": "toyota", "field3": "camry" },
    { "field1": 44, "field2": "honda", "field3": "accord" },
    { "field1": 55, "field2": "honda", "field3": "accord" },
    { "field1": 66, "field2": "honda", "field3": "city" }
]

Desired result:

[
    { "field1": 11, "field2": "toyota", "field3": "camry" },
    { "field1": 22, "field2": "toyota", "field3": "corolla" },
    { "field1": 44, "field2": "honda", "field3": "accord" },
    { "field1": 66, "field2": "honda", "field3": "city" }
]

Answer 1

You need to run an aggregate operation that groups all the documents by field3 and use the $first accumulator with the $$ROOT system variable to bring the first document, something like the following:

db.myCollection.aggregate([
    {
        "$group": {
            "_id": "$field3",
            "doc": { "$first": "$$ROOT" }
        }
    }
])

or for an exact output:

db.myCollection.aggregate([
    {
        "$group": {
            "_id": "$field3",
            "field1": { "$first": "$field1" },
            "field2": { "$first": "$field2" }
        }
    },
    {
        "$project": {
            "_id": 0,
            "field3": "$_id",
            "field2": 1,
            "field1": 1
        }
    }
])

Answer 2

Aggregation groups records according to distinct values of field using $group aggregation operator

According to above mentioned description please try executing following query in MongoDB shell

db.myCollection.aggregate(

  // Pipeline
  [
    // Stage 1
    {
      $group: {
        _id:{field3:'$field3'},
        data:{$first:'$$ROOT'}
      }
    }

  ]


);

In above mentioned query data from the first document for each group is being fetched through use of $first aggregation operator and $$ROOT refers to document currently being processed through aggregation operation