try: except: not working

问题

So I'm running into a problem where the try: except: mechanism doesn't seem to be working correctly in python.

Here are the contents of my two files.

pytest1.py

import pytest2

class MyError( Exception ):
    def __init__( self, value ):
        self.value = value

    def __str__( self ):
        return repr( self.value )

def func1():
    raise MyError( 'This is an error' )

def func3():
    pytest2.func2()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        func3()
    except MyError, e:
        print 'I should catch here.'
    except:
        print 'Why caught here?'

pytest2.py

from pytest1 import func1

def func2():
    func1()

Executing the first file yields the following output:

$ python pytest1.py
Why caught here?

Basically, the exception isn't being caught. If I print out the exception type, it prints as <pytest1.MyError> instead of just <MyError>. I imagine that this is some weird cyclical reference thing, but it still seems like it should work.

回答1:

The main python program is always imported as the module __main__.

When you import pytest2, it doesn't reuse the existing module because the originally imported module has the name __main__ not pytest2. The result is that pytest1 is run multiple times generating multiple exception classes. __main__.MyError and pytest1.MyError You end up throwing one and trying to catch the other.

So, don't try to import your main module from other modules.

回答2:

This problem is caused by importing the script you are running as a module. This produces two separate copies of the module!

Another example:

module.py

import module

class Foo: pass

def test():
    print Foo
    print module.Foo
    print Foo is module.Foo

if __name__ == '__main__': test()

main_script.py

import module
if __name__ == '__main__': module.test()

Result

>python main_script.py
module.Foo
module.Foo
True

>python module.py
__main__.Foo
module.Foo
False

Running python somefile.py creates a module called __main__, not somefile, and runs the code in somefile.py in that module. This is why if __name__ == '__main__': is used to check if this file is being run as a script or imported from some other file.