Outputting Date and Time in C++ using std::chrono

问题

I have been upgrading some old code and have been trying to update to c++11 where possible. The following code is how I used to display the time and date in my program

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

const std::string return_current_time_and_date() const
{
    time_t now = time(0);
    struct tm tstruct;
    char buf[80];
    tstruct = *localtime(&now);
    strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%Y-%m-%d %X", &tstruct);
    return buf;
}

I would like to output the current time and date in a similar format using std::chrono(or similar) but am unsure how to go about doing so. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks

回答1:

The <chrono> library only deals with time and not dates, except for the system_clock which has the ability to convert its timepoints to time_t. So using <chrono> for dates will not improve things much. Hopefully we get something like chrono::date in the not too distant future.

That said, you can use <chrono> in the following way:

#include <chrono>  // chrono::system_clock
#include <ctime>   // localtime
#include <sstream> // stringstream
#include <iomanip> // put_time
#include <string>  // string

std::string return_current_time_and_date()
{
    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    auto in_time_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);

    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << std::put_time(std::localtime(&in_time_t), "%Y-%m-%d %X");
    return ss.str();
}

Note that std::localtime may cause data races. localtime_r or similar functions may be available on your platforms.

Update:

Using a new version of Howard Hinnant's date library you can write:

#include "date.h"
#include <chrono>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

std::string return_current_time_and_date() {
  auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
  auto today = date::floor<days>(now);

  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << today << ' ' << date::make_time(now - today) << " UTC";
  return ss.str();
}

This will print out something like "2015-07-24 05:15:34.043473124 UTC".

On an unrelated note, returning const objects has become undesirable with C++11; const return values cannot be moved from. I also removed the trailing const because trailing const is only valid for member functions and this function has no need to be a member.

回答2:

An example:

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>

std::string getTimeStr(){
    std::time_t now = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(std::chrono::system_clock::now());

    std::string s(30, '\0');
    std::strftime(&s[0], s.size(), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", std::localtime(&now));
    return s;
}
int main(){

    std::cout<<getTimeStr()<<std::endl;
    return 0;

}

Output as below:

回答3:

bames53 solutions are good, but do not compile on my VS2017. The solution with ctime does not compile because localtime is very deprecated. The one with date.h does not compile with the current date.h I just took off github even though the documentation says they should, because today cannot be streamed as is. I omitted the includes but here is code that works:

void TimeTest()
{
    auto n = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    auto in_time_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(n);
    std::tm buf;
    localtime_s(&buf, &in_time_t);
    std::cout << std::put_time(&buf, "%Y-%m-%d %X") << std::endl;

}

// I just added date.h from this link's guthub to the project.
// https://howardhinnant.github.io/date/date.html
void TimeTest1() {
    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    auto today =  floor<date::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now());
    std::cout << date::year_month_day{ today } << ' ' << date::make_time(now - today) << std::endl;
}

// output is 
// 2018-04-08 21:19:49
// 2018-04-08 18:19:49.8408289

Feel free to fix bames53 solution and delete mine. My text just won't fit in a comment. I'm sure it can save many people from grief.

回答4:

For getting also milliseconds, I use chrono and C function localtime_r which is thread-safe (in opposition to std::localtime).

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>
#include <time.h>
#include <iomanip>


int main() {
  std::chrono::system_clock::time_point now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
  std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
  std::chrono::milliseconds now2 = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now.time_since_epoch());
  struct tm currentLocalTime;
  localtime_r(&currentTime, &currentLocalTime);
  char timeBuffer[80];
  std::size_t charCount { std::strftime( timeBuffer, 80,
                                         "%D %T",
                                          &currentLocalTime)
                         };

  if (charCount == 0) return -1;

  std::cout << timeBuffer << "." << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(3) << now2.count() % 1000 << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

For format: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/ctime/strftime/

回答5:

You can improve the answer from @bames53 by using Boost lexical_cast instead of string stream manipulations.

Here is what I do:

#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <ctime>

std::string return_current_time_and_date() {
    auto current_time = std::time(0);
    return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(std::put_time(std::gmtime(& current_time), "%Y-%m-%d %X"));
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17223096/outputting-date-and-time-in-c-using-stdchrono

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c++

date

c++11

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