Abstract class + mixin + multiple inheritance in python

问题

So, I think the code probably explains what I'm trying to do better than I can in words, so here goes:

import abc

class foo(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def bar(self):
        pass


class bar_for_foo_mixin(object):
    def bar(self):
        print "This should satisfy the abstract method requirement"


class myfoo(foo, bar_for_foo_mixin):
    def __init__(self):
        print "myfoo __init__ called"
        self.bar()

obj = myfoo()

The result:

TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class myfoo with abstract methods bar

I'm trying to get the mixin class to satisfy the requirements of the abstract/interface class. What am I missing?

回答1:

Shouldn't the inheritance be the other way round? In the MRO foo currently comes before bar_for_foo_mixin, and then rightfully complains. With class myfoo(bar_for_foo_mixin, foo) it should work.

And I am not sure if your class design is the right way to do it. Since you use a mixin for implementing bar it might be better not to derive from foo and just register it with the 'foo' class (i.e. foo.register(myfoo)). But this is just my gut feeling.

For completeness, here is the documentation for ABCs.

回答2:

i think (tested in similar case) that reversing the baseclasses works:

class myfoo(bar_for_foo_mixin, foo):
    def __init__(self):
        print "myfoo __init__ called"
        self.bar()

so in the mro() it would find a concrete version of bar() before it finds the abstract one. No idea if this is actually what happens in the background though.

Cheers, Lars

PS: the code that worked in python 2.7 (python 3 has a different way to set metaclasses) was:

class A(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def do(self):
        pass

class B(object):
    def do(self):
        print "do"

class C(B, A):
    pass

c = C()

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/825945/abstract-class-mixin-multiple-inheritance-in-python