问题
I'm trying to generate a random number that must have a fixed length of exactly 6 digits.
I don't know if JavaScript has given below would ever create a number less than 6 digits?
Math.floor((Math.random()*1000000)+1);
I found this question and answer on StackOverflow here. But, it's unclear.
EDIT: I ran the above code a bunch of times, and Yes, it frequently creates numbers less than 6 digits. Is there a quick/fast way to make sure it's always exactly 6 digits?
回答1:
console.log(
Math.floor(100000 + Math.random() * 900000)
);Will always create a number of 6 digits and it ensures the first digit will never be 0. The code in your question will create a number of less than 6 digits.
回答2:
Only fully reliable answer that offers full randomness, without loss. The other ones prior to this answer all looses out depending on how many characters you want. The more you want, the more they lose randomness.
They achieve it by limiting the amount of numbers possible preceding the fixed length.
So for instance, a random number of fixed length 2 would be 10 - 99. For 3, 100 - 999. For 4, 1000 - 9999. For 5 10000 - 99999 and so on. As can be seen by the pattern, it suggests 10% loss of randomness because numbers prior to that are not possible. Why?
For really large numbers ( 18, 24, 48 ) 10% is still a lot of numbers to loose out on.
function generate(n) {
var add = 1, max = 12 - add; // 12 is the min safe number Math.random() can generate without it starting to pad the end with zeros.
if ( n > max ) {
return generate(max) + generate(n - max);
}
max = Math.pow(10, n+add);
var min = max/10; // Math.pow(10, n) basically
var number = Math.floor( Math.random() * (max - min + 1) ) + min;
return ("" + number).substring(add);
}
The generator allows for ~infinite length without lossy precision and with minimal performance cost.
Example:
generate(2)
"03"
generate(2)
"72"
generate(2)
"20"
generate(3)
"301"
generate(3)
"436"
generate(3)
"015"
As you can see, even the zero are included initially which is an additional 10% loss just that, besides the fact that numbers prior to 10^n are not possible.
That's now a total of 20%.
Also, the other options have an upper limit on how many characters you can actually generate.
Hardcore (lol):
generate(100000);
"0651381536751559954594864685266964793332464219914923661511711844396177002509535418334876544401924094917073213696256662736759171746155525355813820984082896909515404479432572083119349115959844601455002767695272126890943622034785199462903486615630903373736074650341933983047891115762996521811932187801517891301186904384726119762019718175435710932238346050607608330909038106079638907289974335424918916347390133250423195745981282871695914427143478015387526550643354556230557162085731499833124538228077899015387696795454233963829987328340703344884739850232366267319735437910316929832577036161160111766389779986306750540325053526332954707426521749319245685086246138852076226686592711423547069039829989359264378828053036717401113209577249028130393660800381824348578927107867412974551300511362724049498987060763708244949878691726303643609390144364016831976572032148916321330320693070018092909287513750833169369109704174178477032247944615585736953235426525770952182901723678094125452064709391262205505794896588467103839918798865986558164401714970627462474221512933182302681399770009238608569828198282594067031551589957066160459772535721218782628326984718480572065873099842295277633929431998644299592113453576385173567792887599814962391491057766181804686525454994535331956452351714080296349460787376377707332784374182769767491492626250695553656723782130680555136033698739748989110048095410831112923640685263942718951956051629868800760455527608163584040946391007996727804307183409133475760436780643452539625346136429684905697101047939193048590914919878829383906351337053184913823008300679694028703685623727771499860247737932264827173466218593294990480640551139122803223625353361708900123038017780047641220235742349899490580373913548466797570492357261650370416581586068946910750746456272020039989451556990958758038936686950664094355266620153834909274865405514128481190933769790743330654469775143510701067073238592791899235626861196974193363925127586730787377648334892346319583406971304451718976145383072306413469155987486447356622988426019558465431875505538702558565347559580202646849041387156283262505660125997956398869698806508328747714519622979932186678894485401315173760703884808651627289565546642595836542685648986064356954101696992288261891697786208558024710704710569276399395840580530230729718025713461618331061135991512805033299376252465571484999555923213609948515733572046075843375936972718778384464568891829113564444707717097719585207988502346513167888955683555484353510332395153755395909821566281989562081559052296158702137775090530683411921904165289066506048057826656008626549349520988632955599817667026102612246900688687033297726679175137756611576660839769713756589194642097257515032724723644287567807024460903027237918875450869621587384055399117177199561406778632097959377881722104757305489848832281818424422232658544588293086904471013832617620773148176645007693759497261239127503209456938874072938525618495608073774801776586228941306687157603648217719830741573207094853490260210457990217605600170536198504037929712676654872110771920253815273483354540963203021459754583032672211518949520939438225644651968189817072011400396165500599785252339489882056244086137573020347521044405459170093723855104182434230586691062441396739135676667876492508103316749255705804685196457776485441020566127708427354576129440946667137723266039252799238436908929664871559917271173890952501649969845323228911324304676033091791915543087040187338337985765900657501913326852341426754081753024526806628074157361061567145719925513947877710209406336870076364803110885165116889134514669440038093239844794417558222940044136681059927679868309962907439502915297704409286220631579548570846901779646252916735446700599319216127956590498537500296871549698551487524694730938334435602147792823774342018907256300973661332969751774453467754551030776244984673134327042549212346064016972266244421350446816023749761725326179725773631423251263241676364878077179121265520596533163857823832473659397459170863496209471969573015681099162917804608615592702751630859496460179021996381923016837765373971029344070259758032878342631664623233278865516293215903319598262833063285069029198481899370947051648391946052895356840798550825719722336591850778627364466574843889148095773261912719117480110491748466533525498678000253654834894959160056255689033940722775415886473011808596999471244206729824146278357431053778299946416560280321553991926322558288133660604761058885313628667565782057669777245228782157232415565470266425379986471558087623005877735347590673298523682042211654895539684959898310428673791086684470635130006701184979952716864452222287796185706873800126958417574002714651197052304976945291998261929510003409823301738163131184044321814967421948738077959973418977062820073272801871097791663304563677054446929522613820657158036044974077149068042264275041629991352453921603299417152412504283176126310892490074417066376036263139046485941308078474763782335271468941107500031402589191940264394201058998139384015586420043812700974998994846862783848323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5"
generate(100000).length === 100000 -> true
回答3:
More generally, generating a random integer with fixed length can be done using Math.pow:
var randomFixedInteger = function (length) {
return Math.floor(Math.pow(10, length-1) + Math.random() * (Math.pow(10, length) - Math.pow(10, length-1) - 1));
}
To answer the question: randomFixedInteger(6);
回答4:
I would go with this solution:
Math.floor(Math.random() * 899999 + 100000)
回答5:
100000 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 900000);
will give a number from 100000 to 999999 (inclusive).
回答6:
Based on link you've provided, right answer should be
Math.floor(Math.random()*899999+100000);
Math.random() returns float between 0 and 1, so minimum number will be 100000, max - 999999. Exactly 6 digits, as you wanted :)
回答7:
Here is my function I use. n - string length you want to generate
function generateRandomNumber(n) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (9 * Math.pow(10, n - 1))) + Math.pow(10, n - 1);
}回答8:
I created the below function to generate random number of fix length:
function getRandomNum(length) {
var randomNum =
(Math.pow(10,length).toString().slice(length-1) +
Math.floor((Math.random()*Math.pow(10,length))+1).toString()).slice(-length);
return randomNum;
}
This will basically add 0's at the beginning to make the length of the number as required.
回答9:
I was thinking about the same today and then go with the solution.
var generateOTP = function(otpLength=6) {
let baseNumber = Math.pow(10, otpLength -1 );
let number = Math.floor(Math.random()*baseNumber);
/*
Check if number have 0 as first digit
*/
if (number < baseNumber) {
number += baseNumber;
}
return number;
};
Let me know if it has any bug. Thanks.
回答10:
"To Generate Random Number Using JS"
console.log(
Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000000)
);<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Math.random()</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
</body>
</html>回答11:
This is another random number generator that i use often, it also prevent the first digit from been zero(0)
function randomNumber(length) {
var text = "";
var possible = "123456789";
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
var sup = Math.floor(Math.random() * possible.length);
text += i > 0 && sup == i ? "0" : possible.charAt(sup);
}
return Number(text);
}回答12:
This code provides nearly full randomness:
function generator() {
const ran = () => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0].sort((x, z) => {
ren = Math.random();
if (ren == 0.5) return 0;
return ren > 0.5 ? 1 : -1
})
return Array(6).fill(null).map(x => ran()[(Math.random() * 9).toFixed()]).join('')
}
console.log(generator())This code provides complete randomness:
function generator() {
const ran1 = () => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0].sort((x, z) => {
ren = Math.random();
if (ren == 0.5) return 0;
return ren > 0.5 ? 1 : -1
})
const ran2 = () => ran1().sort((x, z) => {
ren = Math.random();
if (ren == 0.5) return 0;
return ren > 0.5 ? 1 : -1
})
return Array(6).fill(null).map(x => ran2()[(Math.random() * 9).toFixed()]).join('')
}
console.log(generator())回答13:
var number = Math.floor(Math.random() * 9000000000) + 1000000000;
console.log(number);This can be simplest way and reliable one.
回答14:
For the length of 6, recursiveness doesn't matter a lot.
function random(len) {
let result = Math.floor(Math.random() * Math.pow(10, len));
return (result.toString().length < len) ? random(len) : result;
}
console.log(random(6));回答15:
npm install --save randomatic
var randomize = require('randomatic');
randomize(pattern, length, options);
Example:
To generate a 10-character randomized string using all available characters:
randomize('*', 10);
//=> 'x2_^-5_T[$'
randomize('Aa0!', 10);
//=> 'LV3u~BSGhw'
a: Lowercase alpha characters (abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
A: Uppercase alpha characters (ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')
0: Numeric characters (0123456789')
!: Special characters (~!@#$%^&()_+-={}[];\',.)
*: All characters (all of the above combined)
?: Custom characters (pass a string of custom characters to the options)
NPM repo
回答16:
parseInt(Math.random().toString().slice(2,Math.min(length+2, 18)), 10); // 18 -> due to max digits in Math.random
Update: This method has few flaws: - Sometimes the number of digits might be lesser if its left padded with zeroes.
回答17:
You can use this module https://www.npmjs.com/package/uid, it generates variable length unique id
uid(10) => "hbswt489ts"
uid() => "rhvtfnt" Defaults to 7
Or you can have a look at this module https://www.npmjs.com/package/shortid
const shortid = require('shortid');
console.log(shortid.generate());
// PPBqWA9
Hope it works for you :)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21816595/how-to-generate-a-random-number-of-fixed-length-using-javascript