问题
I've been a UNIX sysadmin for a long time, and aside from automating tasks with shell scripting, some light PHP work, and a few simple C programs, I've never done much in the way of programming. I recently decided to stretch my mind a bit and learn Common Lisp.
I'm half-way through Touretzky's "Gentle Intro" and, having just reached the chapter on I/O, I'm wanting to get beyond typing stuff into the REPL as I walk through the book and the exercises. The problem is that I can't find a decent howto/tutorial on getting a decent, working environment.
I've installed emacs (which in itself is a tough change, as I've used vi for almost 20 years), SLIME, and several CL implementations. However, the documentation for any one of these pieces is enormous, nevermind trying to wade through all three. I have skimmed several free online CL books and all of them are agnostic to the environment, assuming that you'll be typing stuff into the REPL or loading source files.
It would really make this experience much more enjoyable if I could find a decent intro to setting up an Emacs environment for Common Lisp that allows me to edit in Lisp mode in one window (function and variable auto-completion would be really nice here), see the results of evaluating single expressions (both output and return value) in another, as well as be able to tell the whole buffer to be evaluated and "run" while I see the results somewhere.
Any and all pointers would be greatly appreciated.
EDIT: My platform is FreeBSD/amd64, and I prefer open source solutions.
回答1:
Let's assume you have emacs running and have checked out SLIME from
CVS and installed it. This should be easy with any Linux distro; apt-get install emacs slime does it for me. (You should also install SBCL, the best Common Lisp implementation.)
SLIME out of the box doesn't do much anymore, so it needs
configuration. Configuring emacs is done in your ~/.emacs file.
Visit that file (C-x C-f ~/.emacs). I have something like this,
which loads a variety of goodies:
(eval-after-load "slime"
'(progn
(setq slime-lisp-implementations
'((sbcl ("/usr/bin/sbcl"))
(ecl ("/usr/bin/ecl"))
(clisp ("/usr/bin/clisp"))))
(slime-setup '(
slime-asdf
slime-autodoc
slime-editing-commands
slime-fancy-inspector
slime-fontifying-fu
slime-fuzzy
slime-indentation
slime-mdot-fu
slime-package-fu
slime-references
slime-repl
slime-sbcl-exts
slime-scratch
slime-xref-browser
))
(slime-autodoc-mode)
(setq slime-complete-symbol*-fancy t)
(setq slime-complete-symbol-function
'slime-fuzzy-complete-symbol)))
(require 'slime)
If you don't have SLIME installed in your "site directory", you'll also want to add this before those lines:
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp/slime/")
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp/slime/contrib")
(Change the these paths to the correct location, of course.)
The key part is the slime-setup, this loads a variety of optional modules, including the REPL. (I also consider the fancy indentation, and autodoc essential.)
Anyway, you can load this into your running emacs with M-x
eval-buffer, or by putting the point inside each sexp and pressing
C-M-x. (You can also point to the end of the sexp and press C-x
C-e. There are a variety of ways to evaluate Emacs Lisp in Emacs,
but that is not really relevant to learning CL.)
At this point, you should be able to type M-x slime and be taken to
your REPL. Before that happens, your lisp will be loaded, SLIME will
tell it to compile Swank (the CL side of SLIME), and you will see that
happen. This only happens once, though, next time SLIME will start up
faster.
At the REPL, you can type Common Lisp commands and see the result of their evaluation. Pressing TAB to complete something will bring up a window of possible completions; this is smart completion, so typing something like "d-b" will bring up a list containing "destructuring-bind". Very helpful. M-/ will also complete symbols that you have already typed somewhere inside Emacs; another great time saver. (This works everywhere in Emacs, BTW, and is called "dynamic abbreviation expansion".)
Earlier you said the REPL was boring, so let's open a real file.
Press C-x C-f test.lisp. Not surprisingly, this will open up a
buffer editing test.lisp, which will be created when you first save
the file (C-x C-s). This Lisp file is aware of SLIME, so anything
you type can easily be validated by the running Lisp. Tab completion,
class inspection, interactive testing, etc. are all available.
As an example, type something like (+ 1 2) and press C-x C-e. You
will see the result, as evaluated by the running Lisp, at the bottom
of the window. This lets you test individual expressions as you type
them into the file.
The next step is to write a full function, perhaps:
(defun my-1+ (x)
(+ x 1))
You can load this function into the running Lisp in a variety of ways;
I usually use C-M-x. You can now change back to the REPL buffer
(C-x b *slime-repl sbcl* or similar) and type (my-1+ 42) and see
the result 43 printed.
Another way to bring the functions into the running Lisp is to compile
and load the whole file with C-c C-k.
Anyway, that's the basics of using SLIME and Emacs. There are
obviously many more features available, but this should give you
a taste of Lisp programming with SLIME. One last thing I'll mention,
Emacs is largely self-documenting, so if you want to learn more, Emacs
can help you. While in your Lisp buffer, you can type C-h m to get
a full list of commands you can use while editing Lisp. You can click
the links to get more information about each function.
Have fun!
回答2:
Don't give up Vi/Vim just because a large percentage of people like Slime.
I've written about this before here on SO. Check these out:
- Using Vim for Lisp development
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/451329/what-is-the-preferred-way-to-run-lisp-web-application/558329#558329
- Best Common Lisp IDE
- Are there any good editors for Lisp programming, other than Emacs?
I'll be happy to answer specific questions here.
回答3:
Did you try Lispbox?
回答4:
Lispbox & SLIME are fine answers, but if you want something even simpler, just to play with, you might consider the free version of LispWorks Personal or Allegro CL Free Edition. I have not used either on linux myself, but they both appear to come with GUIs. There will be heap size or other limitations (since the full versions are not free), but they may be easier to dive into.
回答5:
Well, a good place to start would be the executing lisp section of the info pages.
In general, when you work with an interpreted language in Emacs, you edit the source files, and interact with an inferior process (a new process spawned by Emacs, in this case a lisp process). You can evaluate an sexp (balanced expression), region, or the entire buffer with simple keystrokes. Those commands send the code to the lisp process and evaluate it.
This usage model works for shells, Tcl, lisp, anything with an interpreter...
The wiki has a lot of good information.
回答6:
There are different ways of setting up a Lisp environment, from manual approaches to out-of-the-box installers.
The following answer is for clbuild, which always downloads brand-new versions of all packages for you:
Assuming you have Emacs and SBCL already installed, the following gets you up and running with SLIME. (You also need bash, darcs, CVS, etc, but FreeBSD ports include all of these, as far as I know.)
$ darcs get --set-scripts-executable http://common-lisp.net/project/clbuild/clbuild
$ ./clbuild/clbuild install slime
$ ./clbuild/clbuild slime
You don't have to (indeed, should not) modify your .emacs for this. If you have played with a manual installation of SLIME before, clean out the old changes from .emacs. clbuild does the slime setup for you.
If you like, clbuild can also fetch and build a recent SBCL for you:
$ ./clbuild/clbuild install sbcl
$ ./clbuild/clbuild compile-implementation sbcl
# afterwards you can uninstall the FreeBSD-provided Lisp used for bootstrapping
As for your usage questions:
- C-x 5 2 gives you the second window to play with
- C-c C-k compiles & loads the current buffer
- There is tab completion built-in, but also other completion features. Personally I love the C-c M-i fuzzy completion.
- jrockway's answer has additional good tips on emacs commands which I won't repeat here
回答7:
I can say that Emacs is a good environment for writing Lisp, since I used it in college to that end. The *scratch* buffer provides a good place for test code. The compiler docs should say how to call them, so you can write out your files to disk and then run them in a shell window, or use one of Emacs' modes to integrate the edit-compile-and-run. (Sorry I'm not more specific, it's been 15 years.)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1101487/setting-up-a-working-common-lisp-environment-for-the-aspiring-lisp-newbie