how to iterate though delimited values in bash

问题

BASH

input: cat test

  1 a;b;c;d
  2 a;b;c;d
  3 a;b;c;d

desired output is:

it could be something quite simple for programmers. thank you.

回答1:

Solution 1st: Could you please try following.

awk -F'[ ;]' '{for(i=2;i<=NF;i++){print $1,$i}}' Input_file

Solution 2nd: Adding another awk too now.

awk '{gsub(/;/,ORS $1 OFS)} 1'  Input_file

回答2:

This might work for you (GNU sed):

sed -r 's/^((\s*\S+\s*)[^;]*);/\1\n\2/;P;D' file

Replace each ; by a newline followed by the key.

回答3:

Straightforward shell:

IFS=" ;"
shopt noglob # or set -f
while read -r line; do 
  set -- $line; a=$1; shift
  for b; do printf '%s %s\n' "$a" "$b"; done
done
# if data never contains backslash can omit -r from read
# if data never contains glob patterns (? * [..] etc) can omit set -f
# if data never contains backslash and first col never begins with hyphen
# can replace printf with echo "$a" "$b"

Clever shell, if first column never contains percent or backslash:

IFS=" ;"
shopt noglob # or set -f
while read -r line; do 
  set -- $line; a=$1; shift
  printf "$a %s\n" "$@"
done
# read -r and set -f as above

Both of these leave IFS and (maybe) noglob changed; if this is all or the last part of a script, or a function using (), those changes are to a local instance and discarded. Otherwise either explicitly save and restore, or surround with () so they are discarded.

Similarly both clobber the positional arguments, which generally matters only when in a script or function; if those are needed subsequently, save and restore them, or alternatively in bash or ksh only use a separate explicit array variable:

IFS=" ;"
shopt noglob # or set -f
while read -ra ary; do
  a=${ary[0]}; unset ary[0]
  for b in "${ary[@]}"; do printf '%s %s\n' "$a" "$b"; done
  # or 
  printf "$a %s\n" "${ary[@]}"
done

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51446729/how-to-iterate-though-delimited-values-in-bash

标签

bash

for-loop

awk

sed

while-loop