Programmer's VIM setup for Finnish/Swedish or other non-US keyboard layout

I've been recently learning some VIM hackery and I have learned a lot of useful commands and gotten pretty efficient at editing text with VIM. I'm using the Finnish qwerty keyboard layout (see image below) which is pretty horrible for programming. All your usual coding special characters ()[]{}/\ happen by pressing either shift or alt gr and a number key, but I'm already pretty used to that. I do not want to change my keyboard layout since I do quite a lot of writing and IRC chatting in my native language and for that I need the ä and ö characters (the å is useless for me, only the Swedes use that).

My problem is that some VIM commands have a pretty difficult keymapping by default, for example go-to-tag-under-cursor is ^] which translates to Ctrl-AltGr-9 on a Finnish keyboard. This requires me to press the left control key with my left hand, alt gr with my right thumb and extending my right index finger to the number 9 key. This feels like using emacs and/or playing classical guitar. Not exactly ergonomic.

Here's what the keyboard layout looks like:

NOTE: the keys that are marked blue are written by pressing AltGr (right alt) and the appropriate key. The red ones are two-key compose characters or dead keys which do not give out a character by them selves. F.ex. to type the ü character you first press the ¨^~ key and then u. Same goes for the accent keys. These dead keys are unmappable in VIM.

So basically I have 3 extra alphabetical keys (äöå) available, but they cannot be mapped more than once, modifier keys do not work with them (in VIM). I can map something to ä, but not Ä or <C-ä>.

Now I'm looking for ideas for my VIM setup from fellow Finnish/Swedish or other non-US keyboard layout users. Please share your key mappings, .vimrc tips and anything else that might be useful.

I just keep the keyboard with US layout when coding and only switch to local layout (italian) when writing text that requires accented letters or other language specific characters. After all it's just a keypress to switch and nothing beats US layout for programming. I tried a bit but found that specifying lots of mappings to work around this is far more troublesome than a full layout switch on need.

My solution is to use custom mix of US and FIN/SWE layouts. Works quite nicely(or at least better than the horrible fin layout).

That image probably does not have all the characters I do, but most of them anyways.

You can use the langmap and keymap setting whtin VIM. I use it for colemak. You can specify your own layout.

h keymap
h langmap

As a practical stopgap, could you not simply switch between layouts?

For example, in Ubuntu, you can set up hotkeys to easily switch between layouts by going to Preferences → Keyboard → Layouts → Options → Key(s) to change layout. I use both Shift keys to quickly move between layouts, and there's even an option so that each window has its own layout setting, which works well if you're programming in Vim in a U.S. English layout while writing documentation/emails/etc. in other windows in a different layout. Even if I have to switch layouts (for code comments, etc.), it takes very little effort to hit both Shift buttons and carry on.

There should be similar ways to configure this in other desktop environments / operating systems.

My solution for this was that I made a custom keyboard layout, which combines the best aspects of the US layout in to the Finnish one. The nice thing about it is that it keeps the changes to a minimum so that the learning curve is practically non-existent.

The philosophy behind it was to minimise the need to use AltGr, and still keeping it as close to the standard Fin layout as possible. And even though there are some keys under AltGr, you never have to press them awkwardly with your right hand while holding the modifier with your thumb.

The programs I used to make the layout were Ukelele for macOS and Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator for Windows. I'm calling it Finner.keylayout / Finner.klc.

Here's the basic layout (it has a lot more keys under modifiers) with the changed keys highlighted: