问题

I have implemented a splash screen that is shown while my application loads the database from remote cloud storage on startup. The splash screen is kept alive (there's a progressbar on it) with calls to .update() and is destroyed once the separate loading process ends. After this, the mainloop is started and the app runs normally.

The code below used to work fine on my Mac with python 3.6 and tcl/tk 8.5.9. However, after the update to Sierra I was forced to update tk to ActiveTcl 8.5.18. Now, the splash screen is not displayed until the separate process finishes, but then appears and stays on screen together with the root window (even though its .destroy() method is called).

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
import multiprocessing
import time


class SplashScreen(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, root):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, root)
        self.geometry('375x375')
        self.overrideredirect(True)

        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.label = ttk.Label(self, text='My Splashscreen', anchor='center')
        self.label.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='nswe')

        self.center_splash_screen()
        print('initialized splash')

    def center_splash_screen(self):
        w = self.winfo_screenwidth()
        h = self.winfo_screenheight()
        x = w / 2 - 375 / 2
        y = h / 2 - 375 / 2
        self.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % ((375, 375) + (x, y)))

    def destroy_splash_screen(self):
        self.destroy()
        print('destroyed splash')


class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)

        self.start_up_app()

        self.title("MyApp")
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.application_frame = ttk.Label(self, text='Rest of my app here', anchor='center')
        self.application_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='nswe')

        self.mainloop()

    def start_up_app(self):
        self.show_splash_screen()

        # load db in separate process
        process_startup = multiprocessing.Process(target=App.startup_process)
        process_startup.start()

        while process_startup.is_alive():
            # print('updating')
            self.splash.update()

        self.remove_splash_screen()

    def show_splash_screen(self):
        self.withdraw()
        self.splash = SplashScreen(self)

    @staticmethod
    def startup_process():
        # simulate delay while implementation is loading db
        time.sleep(5)

    def remove_splash_screen(self):
        self.splash.destroy_splash_screen()
        del self.splash
        self.deiconify()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    App()

I do not understand why this is happening and how to solve it. Can anybody help? Thanks!

Update:

The splash screen is displayed correctly if you outcomment the line self.overrideredirect(True). However, I don't want window decorations and it still stays on screen at the end of the script. It is being destroyed internally though, any further method calls on self.splash (e.g. .winfo_...-methods) result in _tkinter.TclError: bad window path name ".!splashscreen".

Also, this code works fine under windows and tcl/tk 8.6. Is this a bug/problem with window management of tcl/tk 8.5.18 on Mac?

回答1:

Apparently this is due to a problem with the window stacking order when windows are not decorated by the window manager after calling overrideredirect(True). It seems to have occurred on other platforms as well.

Running the following code on macOS 10.12.5 with Python 3.6.1 and tcl/tk 8.5.18, toplevel windows do not appear after the button 'open' is clicked:

import tkinter as tk

class TL(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self)
        self.overrideredirect(True)
        # self.after_idle(self.lift)
        tl_label = tk.Label(self, text='this is a undecorated\ntoplevel window')
        tl_label.grid(row=0)
        b_close = tk.Button(self, text='close', command=self.close)
        b_close.grid(row=1)

    def close(self):
        self.destroy()

def open():
    TL()

root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root, text='This is the root')
label.grid(row=0)
b_open = tk.Button(root, text='open', command=open)
b_open.grid(row=1)
root.mainloop()

Uncommenting the line self.after_idle(self.lift) fixes the problem (simply calling self.lift() does too. But using after_idle()prevents the window from flashing up for a fraction of a second before it is moved to its position and resized, which is another problem I have experienced repeatedly with tkinter and keeps me wondering whether I should move on to learn PyQT or PySide2...).

As to the problem with closing an undecorated window in my original question: calling after_idle(window.destroy()) instead of window.destroy() seems to fix that too. I do not understand why.

In case other people reproduce this and somebody hints me towards where to report this as a bug, I am happy to do so.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44802456/tkinter-splash-screen-multiprocessing-outside-of-mainloop

标签

python