C#中HttpWebRequest的用法详解
HttpWebRequest和HttpWebResponse类是用于发送和接收HTTP数据的最好选择。它们支持一系列有用的属性。这两个类位 于System.Net命名空间，默认情况下这个类对于控制台程序来说是可访问的。请注意，HttpWebRequest对象不是利用new关键字通过构 造函数来创建的，而是利用工厂机制（factory mechanism）通过Create()方法来创建的。另外，你可能预计需要显式地调用一个“Send”方法，实际上不需要。接下来调用 HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()方法返回的是一个HttpWebResponse对象。你可以把HTTP响应的数据流 （stream）绑定到一个StreamReader对象，然后就可以通过ReadToEnd()方法把整个HTTP响应作为一个字符串取回。也可以通过 StreamReader.ReadLine()方法逐行取回HTTP响应的内容。
这种技术展示了如何限制请求重定向（request redirections）的次数， 并且设置了一个超时限制。下面是HttpWebRequest的一些属性，这些属性对于轻量级的自动化测试程序是非常重要的。
l AllowAutoRedirect：获取或设置一个值，该值指示请求是否应跟随重定向响应。
l CookieContainer：获取或设置与此请求关联的cookie。
l Credentials：获取或设置请求的身份验证信息。
l KeepAlive：获取或设置一个值，该值指示是否与 Internet 资源建立持久性连接。
l MaximumAutomaticRedirections：获取或设置请求将跟随的重定向的最大数目。
l Proxy：获取或设置请求的代理信息。
l SendChunked：获取或设置一个值，该值指示是否将数据分段发送到 Internet 资源。
l Timeout：获取或设置请求的超时值。
l UserAgent：获取或设置 User-agent HTTP 标头的值
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式其实就是GET和POST两种，那么具体的实现以及操作注意事项是什么呢？那么本文就向你详细介绍C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的这两种利器。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式学习之前我们先来看看什么是HttpWebRequest，它是 .net 基类库中的一个类，在命名空间 System.Net 下面，用来使用户通过HTTP协议和服务器交互。
C# HttpWebRequest的作用：
HttpWebRequest对HTTP协议进行了完整的封装，对HTTP协议中的 Header, Content, Cookie 都做了属性和方法的支持，很容易就能编写出一个模拟浏览器自动登录的程序。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式：
程序使用HTTP协议和服务器交互主要是进行数据的提交，通常数据的提交是通过 GET 和 POST 两种方式来完成，下面对这两种方式进行一下说明：
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式1. GET 方式。
GET 方式通过在网络地址附加参数来完成数据的提交，比如在地址 http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN 中，前面部分 http://www.google.com/webhp 表示数据提交的网址，后面部分 hl=zh-CN 表示附加的参数，其中 hl 表示一个键(key)， zh-CN 表示这个键对应的值(value)。程序代码如下：
HttpWebRequest req =
(HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create(
"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN" );
req.Method = "GET";
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式2. POST 方式。
POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，参数的格式和 GET 方式一样，是类似于 hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1 这样的结构。程序代码如下：
string param = "hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1"; //参数
byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param); //参数转化为ascii码
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/" ); //创建request
req.Method = "POST"; //确定传值的方式，此处为post方式传值
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
req.ContentLength = bs.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
}
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
在上面的代码中，我们访问了 www.google.com 的网址，分别以 GET 和 POST 方式提交了数据，并接收了返回的页面内容。然而，如果提交的参数中含有中文，那么这样的处理是不够的，需要对其进行编码，让对方网站能够识别。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式3. 使用 GET 方式提交中文数据。
GET 方式通过在网络地址中附加参数来完成数据提交，对于中文的编码，常用的有 gb2312 和 utf8 两种，用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：
Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"); //确定用哪种中文编码方式
string address = "http://www.baidu.com/s?" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding); //拼接数据提交的网址和经过中文编码后的中文参数
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(address); //创建request
req.Method = "GET"; //确定传值方式，此处为get方式
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
在上面的程序代码中，我们以 GET 方式访问了网址 http://www.baidu.com/s ，传递了参数“参数一=值一”，由于无法告知对方提交数据的编码类型，所以编码方式要以对方的网站为标准。常见的网站中， www.baidu.com （百度）的编码方式是 gb2312, www.google.com （谷歌）的编码方式是 utf8。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式4. 使用 POST 方式提交中文数据。
POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，由于提交的参数中可以说明使用的编码方式，所以理论上能获得更大的兼容性。用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：
Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"); //确定中文编码方式。此处用gb2312
string param = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding) + "&" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数二", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值二", myEncoding);
byte[] postBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param); //将参数转化为assic码
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.baidu.com/s" );
req.Method = "POST";
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gb2312";
req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
}
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
从上面的代码可以看出， POST 中文数据的时候，先使用 UrlEncode 方法将中文字符转换为编码后的 ASCII 码，然后提交到服务器，提交的时候可以说明编码的方式，用来使对方服务器能够正确的解析。
以上列出了客户端程序使用HTTP协议与服务器交互的情况，常用的是 GET 和 POST 方式。现在流行的 WebService 也是通过 HTTP 协议来交互的，使用的是 POST 方法。与以上稍有所不同的是， WebService 提交的数据内容和接收到的数据内容都是使用了 XML 方式编码。所以， HttpWebRequest 也可以使用在调用 WebService 的情况下。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的基本内容就向你介绍到这里，希望对你了解和学习C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式有所帮助。
#region 公共方法
/// <summary>
/// Get数据接口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="getUrl">接口地址</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetWebRequest(string getUrl)
{
string responseContent = "";
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(getUrl);
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.Method = "GET";
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
using (Stream resStream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resStream, Encoding.UTF8))
{
responseContent = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/// <summary>
/// Post数据接口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="postUrl">接口地址</param>
/// <param name="paramData">提交json数据</param>
/// <param name="dataEncode">编码方式(Encoding.UTF8)</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string PostWebRequest(string postUrl, string paramData, Encoding dataEncode)
{
string responseContent = string.Empty;
try
{
byte[] byteArray = dataEncode.GetBytes(paramData); //转化
HttpWebRequest webReq = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(new Uri(postUrl));
webReq.Method = "POST";
webReq.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
webReq.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = webReq.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);//写入参数
//reqStream.Close();
}
using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)webReq.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default))
{
responseContent = sr.ReadToEnd().ToString();
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
return responseContent;
}
#endregion
post支持cookie
/// <summary> /// 发起Post请求（采用HttpWebRequest，支持传Cookie） /// </summary> /// <param name="strUrl">请求Url</param> /// <param name="formData">发送的表单数据</param> /// <param name="strResult">返回请求结果（如果请求失败，返回异常消息）</param> /// <param name="cookieContainer">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息，如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param> /// <returns>返回：是否请求成功</returns> public static bool HttpPost(string strUrl, Dictionary<string, string> formData, CookieContainer cookieContainer, out string strResult) { string strPostData = null; if (formData != null && formData.Count > 0) { StringBuilder sbData = new StringBuilder(); int i = 0; foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> data in formData) { if (i > 0) { sbData.Append("&"); } sbData.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", data.Key, data.Value); i++; } strPostData = sbData.ToString(); } byte[] postBytes = string.IsNullOrEmpty(strPostData) ? new byte[0] : Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strPostData); return HttpPost(strUrl, postBytes, cookieContainer, out strResult); } 
post上传文件
/// <summary> /// 发起Post文件请求（采用HttpWebRequest，支持传Cookie） /// </summary> /// <param name="strUrl">请求Url</param> /// <param name="strFilePostName">上传文件的PostName</param> /// <param name="strFilePath">上传文件路径</param> /// <param name="cookieContainer">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息，如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param> /// <param name="strResult">返回请求结果（如果请求失败，返回异常消息）</param> /// <returns>返回：是否请求成功</returns> public static bool HttpPostFile(string strUrl, string strFilePostName, string strFilePath, CookieContainer cookieContainer, out string strResult) { HttpWebRequest request = null; FileStream fileStream = FileHelper.GetFileStream(strFilePath); try { if (fileStream == null) { throw new FileNotFoundException(); } request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strUrl); request.Method = "POST"; request.KeepAlive = false; request.Timeout = 30000; if (cookieContainer != null) { request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer; } string boundary = string.Format("---------------------------{0}", DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x")); byte[] header = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format("--{0}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{1}\"; filename=\"{2}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n", boundary, strFilePostName, Path.GetFileName(strFilePath))); byte[] footer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format("\r\n--{0}--\r\n", boundary)); request.ContentType = string.Format("multipart/form-data; boundary={0}", boundary); request.ContentLength = header.Length + fileStream.Length + footer.Length; using (Stream reqStream = request.GetRequestStream()) { // 写入分割线及数据信息 reqStream.Write(header, 0, header.Length); // 写入文件 FileHelper.WriteFile(reqStream, fileStream); // 写入尾部 reqStream.Write(footer, 0, footer.Length); } strResult = GetResponseResult(request, cookieContainer); } catch (Exception ex) { strResult = ex.Message; return false; } finally { if (request != null) { request.Abort(); } if (fileStream != null) { fileStream.Close(); } } return true; } /// <summary> /// 获取请求结果字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="request">请求对象（发起请求之后）</param> /// <param name="cookieContainer">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息，如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param> /// <returns>返回请求结果字符串</returns> private static string GetResponseResult(HttpWebRequest request, CookieContainer cookieContainer = null) { using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse()) { if (cookieContainer != null) { response.Cookies = cookieContainer.GetCookies(response.ResponseUri); } using (Stream rspStream = response.GetResponseStream()) { using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(rspStream, Encoding.UTF8)) { return reader.ReadToEnd(); } } } } 
OAuth头部
//构造OAuth头部 StringBuilder oauthHeader = new StringBuilder(); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("OAuth realm=\"\", oauth_consumer_key={0}, ", apiKey); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_nonce={0}, ", nonce); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_timestamp={0}, ", timeStamp); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_signature_method={0}, ", "HMAC-SHA1"); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_version={0}, ", "1.0"); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_signature={0}, ", sig); oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_token={0}", accessToken); //构造请求 StringBuilder requestBody = new StringBuilder(""); Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8"); byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(requestBody.ToString()); // Http Request的设置 HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri); request.Headers.Set("Authorization", oauthHeader.ToString()); //request.Headers.Add("Authorization", authorization); request.ContentType = "application/atom+xml"; request.Method = "GET"; 
C#通过WebClient/HttpWebRequest实现http的post/get方法
1.POST方法(httpWebRequest)
//body是要传递的参数,格式"roleId=1&uid=2" //post的cotentType填写:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" //soap填写:"text/xml; charset=utf-8" public static string PostHttp(string url, string body, string contentType) { HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); httpWebRequest.ContentType = contentType; httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000; byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body); httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length; httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length); HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()); string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); httpWebResponse.Close(); streamReader.Close(); httpWebRequest.Abort(); httpWebResponse.Close(); return responseContent; } POST方法(httpWebRequest) 
2.POST方法(WebClient)
/// <summary> /// 通过WebClient类Post数据到远程地址，需要Basic认证； /// 调用端自己处理异常 /// </summary> /// <param name="uri"></param> /// <param name="paramStr">name=张三&age=20</param> /// <param name="encoding">请先确认目标网页的编码方式</param> /// <param name="username"></param> /// <param name="password"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Request_WebClient(string uri, string paramStr, Encoding encoding, string username, string password) { if (encoding == null) encoding = Encoding.UTF8; string result = string.Empty; WebClient wc = new WebClient(); // 采取POST方式必须加的Header wc.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(paramStr); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password)) { wc.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password); wc.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password)); } byte[] responseData = wc.UploadData(uri, "POST", postData); // 得到返回字符流 return encoding.GetString(responseData);// 解码 } POST方法(WebClient) 
3.Get方法(httpWebRequest)
public static string GetHttp(string url, HttpContext httpContext) { string queryString = "?"; foreach (string key in httpContext.Request.QueryString.AllKeys) { queryString += key + "=" + httpContext.Request.QueryString[key] + "&"; } queryString = queryString.Substring(0, queryString.Length - 1); HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + queryString); httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json"; httpWebRequest.Method = "GET"; httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000; //byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body); //httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length; //httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length); HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()); string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); httpWebResponse.Close(); streamReader.Close(); return responseContent; } Get方法(HttpWebRequest) 
4.basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse
/// <summary> /// 通过 WebRequest/WebResponse 类访问远程地址并返回结果，需要Basic认证； /// 调用端自己处理异常 /// </summary> /// <param name="uri"></param> /// <param name="timeout">访问超时时间，单位毫秒；如果不设置超时时间，传入0</param> /// <param name="encoding">如果不知道具体的编码，传入null</param> /// <param name="username"></param> /// <param name="password"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Request_WebRequest(string uri, int timeout, Encoding encoding, string username, string password) { string result = string.Empty; WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(uri)); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password)) { request.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password); request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password)); } if (timeout > 0) request.Timeout = timeout; WebResponse response = request.GetResponse(); Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader sr = encoding == null ? new StreamReader(stream) : new StreamReader(stream, encoding); result = sr.ReadToEnd(); sr.Close(); stream.Close(); return result; } #region # 生成 Http Basic 访问凭证 # private static CredentialCache GetCredentialCache(string uri, string username, string password) { string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password); CredentialCache credCache = new CredentialCache(); credCache.Add(new Uri(uri), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password)); return credCache; } private static string GetAuthorization(string username, string password) { string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password); return "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization)); } #endregion basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse 
C#语言写的关于HttpWebRequest 类的使用方法
http://www.jb51.net/article/57156.htm
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; namespace HttpWeb { /// <summary> /// Http操作类 /// </summary> public static class httptest { /// <summary> /// 获取网址HTML /// </summary> /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> /// <returns> </returns> public static string GetHtml(string URL) { WebRequest wrt; wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL); wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; WebResponse wrp; wrp = wrt.GetResponse(); string reader = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd(); try { wrt.GetResponse().Close(); } catch (WebException ex) { throw ex; } return reader; } /// <summary> /// 获取网站cookie /// </summary> /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> /// <returns> </returns> public static string GetHtml(string URL, out string cookie) { WebRequest wrt; wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL); wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; WebResponse wrp; wrp = wrt.GetResponse(); string html = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd(); try { wrt.GetResponse().Close(); } catch (WebException ex) { throw ex; } cookie = wrp.Headers.Get("Set-Cookie"); return html; } public static string GetHtml(string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header, string server) { return GetHtml(server, URL, postData, cookie, out header); } public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header) { byte[] byteRequest = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(postData); return GetHtml(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header); } public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header) { byte[] bytes = GetHtmlByBytes(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header); Stream getStream = new MemoryStream(bytes); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")); string getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); streamReader.Close(); getStream.Close(); return getString; } /// <summary> /// Post模式浏览 /// </summary> /// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param> /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> /// <param name="byteRequest">流 </param> /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> /// <returns> </returns> public static byte[] GetHtmlByBytes(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header) { long contentLength; HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest; HttpWebResponse webResponse; Stream getStream; httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL); CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer(); co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie); httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co; httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; httpWebRequest.Accept = "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*"; httpWebRequest.Referer = server; httpWebRequest.UserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"; httpWebRequest.Method = "Post"; httpWebRequest.ContentLength = byteRequest.Length; Stream stream; stream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream(); stream.Write(byteRequest, 0, byteRequest.Length); stream.Close(); webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); header = webResponse.Headers.ToString(); getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream(); contentLength = webResponse.ContentLength; byte[] outBytes = new byte[contentLength]; outBytes = ReadFully(getStream); getStream.Close(); return outBytes; } public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream stream) { byte[] buffer = new byte[128]; using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { while (true) { int read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (read <= 0) return ms.ToArray(); ms.Write(buffer, 0, read); } } } /// <summary> /// Get模式 /// </summary> /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> /// <param name="cookie">cookies </param> /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> /// <param name="server">服务器 </param> /// <param name="val">服务器 </param> /// <returns> </returns> public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server) { return GetHtml(URL, cookie, out header, server, ""); } /// <summary> /// Get模式浏览 /// </summary> /// <param name="URL">Get网址 </param> /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> /// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param> /// <param name="val"> </param> /// <returns> </returns> public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server, string val) { HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest; HttpWebResponse webResponse; Stream getStream; StreamReader streamReader; string getString = ""; httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL); httpWebRequest.Accept = "*/*"; httpWebRequest.Referer = server; CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer(); co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie); httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co; httpWebRequest.UserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"; httpWebRequest.Method = "GET"; webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); header = webResponse.Headers.ToString(); getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream(); streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")); getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); streamReader.Close(); getStream.Close(); return getString; } } } 
有空查看：
/// <summary> /// 作用描述： WebRequest操作类 /// </summary> public static class CallWebRequest { /// <summary> /// 通过GET请求获取数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="url"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Get(string url) { HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; //每次请求绕过代理，解决第一次调用慢的问题 request.Proxy = null; //多线程并发调用时默认2个http连接数限制的问题，讲其设为1000 ServicePoint currentServicePoint = request.ServicePoint; currentServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = 1000; HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse; string str; using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream()) { Encoding encode = Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8"); StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(responseStream, encode); str = reader.ReadToEnd(); } response.Close(); response = null; request.Abort(); request = null; return str; } /// <summary> /// 通过POST请求传递数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="url"></param> /// <param name="postData"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Post(string url, string postData) { HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; //将发送数据转换为二进制格式 byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData); //要POST的数据大于1024字节的时候, 浏览器并不会直接就发起POST请求, 而是会分为俩步： //1. 发送一个请求, 包含一个Expect:100-continue, 询问Server使用愿意接受数据 //2. 接收到Server返回的100-continue应答以后, 才把数据POST给Server //直接关闭第一步验证 request.ServicePoint.Expect100Continue = false; //是否使用Nagle：不使用，提高效率 request.ServicePoint.UseNagleAlgorithm = false; //设置最大连接数 request.ServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = 65500; //指定压缩方法 //request.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.AcceptEncoding, "gzip,deflate"); request.KeepAlive = false; //request.ContentType = "application/json"; request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; request.Method = "POST"; request.Timeout = 20000; request.ContentLength = byteArray.Length; //关闭缓存 request.AllowWriteStreamBuffering = false; //每次请求绕过代理，解决第一次调用慢的问题 request.Proxy = null; //多线程并发调用时默认2个http连接数限制的问题，讲其设为1000 ServicePoint currentServicePoint = request.ServicePoint; Stream dataStream = request.GetRequestStream(); dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length); dataStream.Close(); WebResponse response = request.GetResponse(); //获取服务器返回的数据流 dataStream = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(dataStream); string responseFromServer = reader.ReadToEnd(); reader.Close(); dataStream.Close(); request.Abort(); response.Close(); reader.Dispose(); dataStream.Dispose(); return responseFromServer; } } 
/// <summary> /// 用于外部接口调用封装 /// </summary> public static class ApiInterface { /// <summary> ///验证密码是否正确 /// </summary> public static Api_ToConfig<object> checkPwd(int userId, string old) { var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/checkPwd"; var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url + "?id=" + userId, "&oldPwd=" + old)); //var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "{\"id\":" + userId + ",oldPwd:\"" + old + "\",newPwd:\"" + pwd + "\"}")); return data; } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public static Api_ToConfig<object> UpdatePassword(int userId, string pwd, string old) { var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/updatePwd"; var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url + "?id=" + userId + "&oldPwd=" + old, "&newPwd=" + pwd)); //var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "{\"id\":" + userId + ",oldPwd:\"" + old + "\",newPwd:\"" + pwd + "\"}")); return data; } private static DateTime GetTime(string timeStamp) { DateTime dtStart = TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone.ToLocalTime(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1)); long lTime = long.Parse(timeStamp + "0000"); TimeSpan toNow = new TimeSpan(lTime); return dtStart.Add(toNow); } #region 公共方法 /// <summary> /// 配置文件key /// </summary> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <param name="isOutKey"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetConfig(string key, bool isOutKey = false) { // CacheRedis.Cache.RemoveObject(RedisKey.ConfigList); var data = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<Api_BaseToConfig<Api_Config>>(RedisKey.ConfigList); // var data = new Api_BaseToConfig<Api_Config>(); if (data == null) { string dataCenterUrl = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl"); string configurationInfoListByFilter = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("ConfigurationInfoListByFilter"); string systemCoding = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("SystemCoding"); string nodeIdentifier = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("NodeIdentifier"); string para = "systemIdf=" + systemCoding + "&nodeIdf=" + nodeIdentifier + ""; //string para = "{\"systemIdf\":\"" + systemCoding + "\",\"nodeIdf\":\"" + nodeIdentifier + "\"}"; string result = CallWebRequest.Post(dataCenterUrl + "/rest" + configurationInfoListByFilter, para); data = Json.ToObject<Api_BaseToConfig<Api_Config>>(result); CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.ConfigList, data); } if (data.Status) { if (isOutKey && ConfigServer.IsOutside()) { key += "_outside"; } key = key.ToLower(); var firstOrDefault = data.Data.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Identifier.ToLower() == key); if (firstOrDefault != null) { return firstOrDefault.Value; } else { if (key.IndexOf("_outside") > -1) { firstOrDefault = data.Data.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Identifier == key.Substring(0, key.LastIndexOf("_outside"))); if (firstOrDefault != null) return firstOrDefault.Value; } } } return ""; } public static string WebPostRequest(string url, string postData) { return CallWebRequest.Post(url, postData); } public static string WebGetRequest(string url) { return CallWebRequest.Get(url); } #endregion #region 参数转换方法 private static string ConvertClassIds(string classIds) { var list = classIds.Split(','); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{\"class_id_list\": ["); foreach (var s in list) { sb.Append("{\"classId\": \"" + s + "\"},"); } if (list.Any()) sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1); sb.Append("]}"); return sb.ToString(); } private static string ConvertLabIds(string labIds) { var list = labIds.Split(','); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{\"lab_id_list\": ["); foreach (var s in list) { sb.Append("{\"labId\": \"" + s + "\"},"); } if (list.Any()) sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1); sb.Append("]}"); return sb.ToString(); } private static string ConvertCardNos(string cardNos) { var list = cardNos.Split(','); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{\"student_cardNos_list\": ["); foreach (var s in list) { sb.Append("{\"stuCardNo\": \"" + s + "\"},"); } if (list.Any()) sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1); sb.Append("]}"); return sb.ToString(); } #endregion /// <summary> /// 设置公文已读 /// </summary> /// <param name="beginTime"></param> /// <param name="endTime"></param> /// <param name="userId"></param> /// <param name="currentPage"></param> /// <param name="pageSize"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static Api_ToConfig<object> FlowService(string id) { var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("FlowService"); var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url + "?Copyid=" + id, "")); return data; } /// <summary> ///获取OA工作流数据 /// </summary> public static string getOAWorkFlowData(string userName, string userId) { var url = GetConfig("platform.application.oa.url") + WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("OAWorkFlowData"); var data = CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&account=" + userName + "&userId=" + userId); return data; } public static List<Api_Course> GetDreamClassCourse(string userId) { List<Api_Course> list = new List<Api_Course>(); list = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<List<Api_Course>>(RedisKey.DreamCourse + userId); if (list != null && list.Count > 0) return list; var url = GetConfig("platform.system.dreamclass.url", true) + "rest/getTeacherCourseInfo"; var result = Json.ToObject<ApiResult<Api_Course>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userId=" + userId)); if (result.state) list = result.data; CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.DreamCourse + userId, list, 30);//缓存30分钟失效 return list; } /// <summary> /// 用户信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="userId"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static Api_User GetUserInfoByUserName(string userName) { var model = new Api_User(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/getUserInfoByUserName"; var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_User>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName)); if (result.status == true && result.data != null) model = result.data; return model; } public static Api_User GetUserInfoByUserId(string userId) { var model = new Api_User(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/getUserInfoByUserId"; var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_User>>(CallWebRequest.Get(url + "?userId=" + userId)); if (result.status == true && result.data != null) model = result.data; return model; } public static Api_User GetUserByUserId(string userId) { var model = new Api_User(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/getUserByUserId"; var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_User>>(CallWebRequest.Get(url + "?userId=" + userId)); if (result.status == true && result.data != null) model = result.data; return model; } public static ApiBase<string> UserExist(string userName) { ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/checkUserExists"; result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName)); return result; } public static ApiBase<string> CheckUserPwd(string userName, string pwd) { ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/checkUserPsw"; result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName + "&psw=" + pwd)); return result; } public static ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion> GetAnswerQuestion(string userName) { ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion> result = new ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion>(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/safety/getSafetyByUserName"; result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName)); return result; } public static ApiBase<string> ResetUserPassword(string userName, string newPassWord) { ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/resetUserPasswordByUserName"; result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName + "&newPassWord=" + newPassWord)); return result; } public static ApiBase<string> ChangeUserSafeAnswer(string userId, string answer1, string answer2, string answer3, string safeId) { ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/safety/batchUpdageSafety"; result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&data=[{editor:\"" + userId + "\",safetyAnswerOne:\"" + answer1 + "\",safetyAnswerTwo:\"" + answer2 + "\",safetyAnswerThree:\"" + answer3 + "\",safetyId:" + safeId + "}]")); return result; } public static ApiBase<string> UpdateUserPhoto(string userId, string userPhoto) { ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>(); var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/updataUserInfo"; result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&data=[{userId:\"" + userId + "\",userPhoto:\"" + userPhoto + "\"}]")); return result; } public static Api_DreamClassUserInfo GetDreamClassUser(string userId) { var model = new Api_DreamClassUserInfo(); //model = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<Api_DreamClassUserInfo>(RedisKey.DreamCourseUser + userId); var url = GetConfig("platform.system.dreamclass.url", true) + "rest/getUserInfo"; var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_DreamClassUserInfo>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userId=" + userId)); if (result.state == true && result.data != null) { model = result.data; //CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.DreamCourseUser+userId,model); } return model; } public static List<Api_BitCourse> GetBitCourseList(string userName) { List<Api_BitCourse> list = new List<Api_BitCourse>(); list = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<List<Api_BitCourse>>(RedisKey.BitCourse + userName); if (list != null && list.Count > 0) return list; try { var url = GetConfig("platform.system.szhjxpt.url", true) + "/Services/DtpServiceWJL.asmx/GetMyCourseByLoginName"; var result = Json.ToObject<ApiConfig<Api_BitCourse>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&loginName=" + userName)); if (result.success) list = result.datas; CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.BitCourse + userName, list, 30);//缓存30分钟失效 } catch (Exception exception) { list = new List<Api_BitCourse>(); Log.Error(exception.Message); } return