visualization | 易学教程

How to visualize RNN/LSTM gradients in Keras/TensorFlow?

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问题 I've come across research publications and Q&A's discussing a need for inspecting RNN gradients per backpropagation through time (BPTT) - i.e., gradient for each timestep . The main use is introspection : how do we know if an RNN is learning long-term dependencies ? A question of its own topic, but the most important insight is gradient flow : If a non-zero gradient flows through every timestep, then every timestep contributes to learning - i.e., resultant gradients stem from accounting for

How to plot non-numeric data in Matplotlib

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问题 I wish to plot the time variation of my y-axis variable using Matplotlib. This is no problem for continuously discrete data, however how should this be tackled for non-continuous data. I.e. if I wanted to visualise the times at which my car was stationary on the way to work the x-axis would be time and the y-axis would be comprised of the variables 'stationary' and 'moving' (pretty useless example i know) The non-continuous data would need to be indexed somehow, but i don't know how to

using cartogram.js for visualizing information in a global map

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问题 I'm trying to adapt this example http://prag.ma/code/d3-cartogram/ to show information about obesity in 2002, 2005 and 2010 around the world. This the visualization: http://datauy.github.io/obesity-cartogram with a link to the code in the same page. The problem I'm trying to resolve is that the shapes are not being distorted like in the original example with the alberusa projection. The colors seems to be mapped just fine but for some reason I can't distort the map. I tried changing the scale

plot_clone error in cowplot

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问题 I am trying to use plot_grid in package cowplot to make a 2x2 plot. I keep getting the error message: Error in plot_clone(plot) : attempt to apply non-function And I can't figure out how to correct this. At first I wasn't sure if cowplot could only handle 1x2 or 2x1 layouts, similar to what you see in this vignette. So, following the example near the end, I tried to save two pairs of two to then stack using plot_grid . But whenever I run that function, I get the same error message. My four

Create tree diagram

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问题 I have data on a company that I want to visualize by a tree diagram. That means, I have their brands nested in classes, nested in subgroups, nested in divisions (http://www.bayer.com/en/products-from-a-to-z.aspx#B). Even though there are quite some threads on stackoverflow how to create dendrograms, I did not find a code snippet that worked with my data (such as e.g. how to convert a data.frame to tree structure object such as dendrogram). EDIT : If I am right "dendrogram" is in this case not

Visualizing a chart using c3

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问题 I am trying to reproduce some code to generate a chart using c3. This script does not render anything though. Why? (the files listed in href are in the same folder) <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head>  <link href="c3.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">  <script src="d3.v3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="c3.min.js"></script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>title </title> </head> <body> <div id="chart"></div> <script> var chart = c3

Draw lines between two facets in ggplot2

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问题 How can I draw several lines between two facets? I attempted this by plotting points at the min value of the top graph but they are not between the two facets. See picture below. This is my code so far: t <- seq(1:1000) y1 <- rexp(1000) y2 <- cumsum(y1) z <- rep(NA, length(t)) z[100:200] <- 1 df <- data.frame(t=t, values=c(y2,y1), type=rep(c("Bytes","Changes"), each=1000)) points <- data.frame(x=c(10:200,300:350), y=min(y2), type=rep("Bytes",242)) vline.data <- data.frame(type = c("Bytes",

Visualizing decision tree not using graphviz/web

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问题 Due to some restriction I cannot use graphviz , webgraphviz.com to visualize decision tree (work network is closed from the other world). Question: Is there some alternative utilite or some Python code for at least very simple visualization may be just ASCII visualization of decision tree (python/sklearn) ? I mean, I can use sklearn in particular: tree.export_graphviz( ) which produces text file with tree structure, from which one can read a tree, but doing it by "eyes" is not pleasant ... PS

WinForms Chart: Set minimum Y Axis display range

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问题 I have a Winforms chart in which I have temperature readings arriving and displaying every second. I like the way the chart works automatically handling the display of the values, but I want to change one simple thing . I want to increase the minimum displayed y axis range, so it displays a range of 20. At the moment it only displays around 5. I have tried a few things: //(when new data arrives...) //Does not work, I think because by default, Size is always NaN? if (chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY

How do you color (x,y) scatter plots according to values in z using Plots.jl?

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问题 Using the Plots.jl package in Julia, I am able to use various backends to make a scatter plot based on two vectors x and y k = 100 x = rand(k) y = rand(k) scatter(x, y) I am unable to find information about how to color them according to some length k vector z . How do you do that? 回答1: The following method will be much better than jverzani's (you don't want to create a new series for every data point). Plots could use some additional love for manually defining color vectors, but right now