sha256 | 易学教程

Iterative hashing returns different values in Python and Java

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问题 I'm trying to port a python (2.7) script to Java. It iterates a sha256 hash several times but they end up with different results. I've noticed the first time they return the same result, but from there on it differs. Here is the Python implementation: import hashlib def to_hex(s): print " ".join(hex(ord(i)) for i in s) d = hashlib.sha256() print "Entry:" r = chr(1) to_hex(r) for i in range(2): print "Loop", i d.update(r) r = d.digest() to_hex(r) And in Java: import java.security.MessageDigest

Matching Java SHA2 Output vs MySQL SHA2 Output

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问题 When I reproduce a SHA2 hash via the following code: MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); digest.digest("A".getBytes("UTF-8")); it gives me a byte array, which is: 85,-102,-22,-48,-126,100,-43,121,93,57,9,113,-116,-35,5,-85,-44,-107,114,-24,79,-27,85,-112,-18,-13,26,-120,-96,-113,-33,-3 But when I reproduce same hash via MySQL it gives me a string which is: 5cfe2cddbb9940fb4d8505e25ea77e763a0077693dbb01b1a6aa94f2 How can I convert tha Java's result so that I can

Difference between signing with SHA256 vs. signing with RSA-SHA256

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问题 I play with digital signatures using node.js. For test purpose, I created a digital signature of some XML data, first using only SHA256, then using RSA-SHA256. The thing that puzzles me is that both methods of signing create exactly the same signature . Both signatures are identical. If they're identical, then why two different methods (SHA256 vs. RSA-SHA256)? I include code below: var crypto = require('crypto'), path = require('path'), fs = require('fs'), pkey_path = path.normalize('private

POI XSSF / XLSX hashing indeterminism with MessageDigest SHA-256

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问题 There seems to be a problem with getting deterministic hash values for the POI XLSX format, with MessageDigest SHA-256 implementation, even for empty ByteArray streams. This happens randomly, after several hundreds or even only thousands of iterations. The relevant code snippets used to reproduce the problem: // TestNG FileTest: @Test(enabled = true) // indeterminism at random iterations, such as 400 or 1290 public void emptyXLSXTest() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { final

Are there circumstances where a hash algorithm can be guaranteed unique?

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问题 If I'm hashing size-constrained similar data (social security numbers, for example) using a hash algorithm with a larger byte size than the data (sha-256, for example), will the hash guarantee the same level of uniqueness as the original data? 回答1: You can always create a customized hash that guarantees uniqueness. For data in a known domain (like SSN's), the exercise is relatively simple. If your target hash value actually has more bits available than what you're hashing, the hash simply

I got an asignment to decrypt Password hash?

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问题 I am new to Security and was trying to learn how can I crack my own user's databases. I have user's salt, password hashes and username. The SHA-256 password hash is computed from the concatenation of 3 strings i.e. one constant string potPlantSalt, the password, and the salt. SHA-256 output has been converted into the hexadecimal format and truncated to 32 characters before storing into the database as a string. truncate ( hexstring ( SHA256 ( " potPlantSalt " + password + salt ) ) ) I have

How to generate a SHA256 hash of 32 bytes using nodejs (crypto) in order to avoid bad key size error thrown from tweetnacl.js?

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问题 I am using the crypto module of node.js to generate a SHA256 hash like this: const key = crypto.createHmac('sha256', data).digest('hex'); Now, tweetnacl throws the error: bad key size when the key is passed in the secretbox : nacl.secretbox(data, Rnonc, key); The parameters are converted into Uint8Array since the secretbox requires arguments to be Uint8Array. The error: bad key size is throw from here in tweetnacl since the crypto_secretbox_KEYBYTES is defined as 32 here. The problem is the

How to generate a SHA256 hash of 32 bytes using nodejs (crypto) in order to avoid bad key size error thrown from tweetnacl.js?

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I am using the crypto module of node.js to generate a SHA256 hash like this: const key = crypto.createHmac('sha256', data).digest('hex'); Now, tweetnacl throws the error: bad key size when the key is passed in the secretbox : nacl.secretbox(data, Rnonc, key); The parameters are converted into Uint8Array since the secretbox requires arguments to be Uint8Array. The error: bad key size is throw from here in tweetnacl since the crypto_secretbox_KEYBYTES is defined as 32 here . The problem is the key returned from crypto is in not 32 bytes size. I have searched SO and relevant sites, but couldn't

ES256 JWT Signing in PHP for Apple AppStoreConenct API Auth

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问题 I'm trying to authenticate to Apple's AppStoreConnect API with an ES256 signed JWT (per their instructions at https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appstoreconnectapi) using PHP. Sending my request always results in a 401 NOT_AUTHORIZED error. I've verified that the the contents of my header and claims are correct - I even found a Ruby script online for generating an ES256 signed JWT and using my Apple provided Issuer, Key ID, Private Key, it works swimmingly - Apple accepts the token.

构建多CPU架构支持的Docker镜像

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作者简介：胡晓亮目前就职于IBM Platform Computing 系统科技部云计算部门，担任云计算开发部工程师。自2013年8月开始参与OpenStack，然后又转战Spark，目前工作在K8S相关领域。责编：钱曙光（qianshg@csdn.net）声明：本篇为原创内容，CSDN独家发布，禁止未经授权的任何形式转载。 Docker简介由于基于Hypervisor虚拟化技术仍然存在一些性能和资源使用效率方面的问题，近3年来容器技术席卷了整个互联网应用乃至IT界的技术革新，成为一种被大家广泛认可的服务器资源共享技术。它从根本上变革了应用程序的开发和发布方式，经过爆炸式的成长，容积技术的翘楚Docker实际上已经成为了容器格式和运行时的标准，大量流行的开源应用程序都宣布支持容器化，并且一些企业级的应用程序也开始往容器上迁移, Docker容器世界欣欣向荣。 Multi architecture Docker镜像 Multi architecture Docker镜像的支持让Docker向自己宣称的口号 “Build, Ship, and Run Any App, Anywhere” 更近了一大步。那什么是Multi architecture Docker镜像呢？我们可以通过一个例子来说明。我们知道JAVA语言编写的应用程序是 “Write once, run