memory-layout

I was recently asked in an interview about object layout with virtual functions and multiple inheritance involved. I explained it in context of how it is implemented without multiple inheritance involved (i.e. how the compiler generated the virtual table, insert a secret pointer to the virtual table in each object and so on). It seemed to me that there was something missing in my explanation. So here are questions (see example below) What is the exact memory layout of the object of class C. Virtual tables entries for class C. Sizes (as returned by sizeof) of object of classes A, B and C. (8, 8

Disassembling an ELF binary on a Ubuntu x86 system I couldn't help but notice that the code(.text) section starts from the virtual address 0x8048000 and all lower memory addresses seem to be unused. This seems to be rather wasteful and all Google turns up is either folklore involving STACK_TOP or protection against null-pointer dereferences. The latter case looks like it can be fixed by using a single page instead of leaving a 128MB gap. So my question is this - is there a definitive answer to why the layout has been fixed to these values or is it just an arbitrary choice? From the Linkers and

As a programming exercise, I am writing a mark-and-sweep garbage collector in C. I wish to scan the data segment (globals, etc.) for pointers to allocated memory, but I don't know how to get the range of the addresses of this segment. How could I do this? jim mcnamara The bounds for text (program code) and data for linux (and other unixes): #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> /* these are in no header file, and on some systems they have a _ prepended These symbols have to be typed to keep the compiler happy Also check out brk() and sbrk() for information about heap */ extern char etext,

Consider following hierarchy: struct A { int a; A() { f(0); } A(int i) { f(i); } virtual void f(int i) { cout << i; } }; struct B1 : virtual A { int b1; B1(int i) : A(i) { f(i); } virtual void f(int i) { cout << i+10; } }; struct B2 : virtual A { int b2; B2(int i) : A(i) { f(i); } virtual void f(int i) { cout << i+20; } }; struct C : B1, virtual B2 { int c; C() : B1(6),B2(3),A(1){} virtual void f(int i) { cout << i+30; } }; What's the exact memory layout of C instance? How many vptrs it contains, where exactly each of them is placed? Which of virtual tables are shared with virtual table of C?