ls

Here's how one might list all files matching a pattern in bash: ls *.jar How to list the complement of a pattern? i.e. all files not matching *.jar? ls | grep -v '\.jar$' for instance. Christian Use egrep-style extended pattern matching. ls !(*.jar) This is available starting with bash-2.02-alpha1. Must first be enabled with shopt -s extglob As of bash-4.1-alpha there is a config option to enable this by default. Little known bash expansion rule: ls !(*.jar) POSIX defines non-matching bracket expressions, so we can let the shell expand the file names for us. ls *[!j][!a][!r] This has some

This command lists directories in the current path: ls -d */ What exactly does the pattern */ do? And how can we give the absolute path in the above command (e.g. ls -d /home/alice/Documents ) for listing only directories in that path? */ is a pattern that matches all of the subdirectories in the current directory ( * would match all files and subdirectories; the / restricts it to directories). Similarly, to list all subdirectories under /home/alice/Documents, use ls -d /home/alice/Documents/*/ Albert Four ways to get this done, each with a different output format 1. Using echo Example: echo *

from the following message, we know that there are two characters in file /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward, but why ls just showed this file is of size zero? i know this is not a file on disk, but a file in the memory, so is there any command which i can see the real size of the files in /proc? root@OpenWrt:/proc/sys/net/ipv4# cat ip_forward | wc -c 2 root@OpenWrt:/proc/sys/net/ipv4# ls -l ip_forward -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 3 00:20 ip_forward root@OpenWrt:/proc/sys/net/ipv4# pwd /proc/sys/net/ipv4 Those are not really files on disk (as you mention) but they are also not files in memory - the