icmp

Linux Firewalld 基础

泄露秘密 提交于 2019-12-01 17:32:37
互联网上提供了各种网络服务,而防火墙可以设置各种规则来限制访问,保护服务器。 概述 Linux 的防火墙体系主要工作在网络层,针对 TCP/IP 数据包实施过滤和限制,属于典型的包过滤防火墙。 Linux 系统的防火墙体系基于内核编码实现,具有非常稳定的性能和极高的效率。 三种防火墙 netfilter 指 linux 内核中实现包过滤防火墙的内部结构 属于 内核态 的防火墙功能体系 iptables 指管理 linux 防火墙的命令程序 属于 用户态 的防火墙管理体系 Firewalld CentOS 7 默认的防火墙管理工具,取代之前的 iptables 防火墙 属于 用户态 firewalld 和 iptables 内部结构都指向 netfilter 这个强大的网络过滤子系统,以实现包过滤防火墙功能 支持动态更新、加入防火墙 zone 概念 支持 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址 字符管理工具 firewall-cmd 和图形化管理工具 firewall-config 区别 名称 Firewalld iptables 配置文件 /usr/lib/firewalld/和/etc/firewalld/ /etc/sysconfig/iptables 对规则的修改 不需要全部刷新策略,不丢失现行连接 需要全部刷新策略,丢失连接 防火墙类型 动态防火墙 静态防火墙 网络区域 区域介绍

Sending ICMP ping

泪湿孤枕 提交于 2019-12-01 08:57:54
For ICMP ping request (echo request) do I need to get the MAC address of the destination ? I am trying to learn how to implement this in C using raw sockets but can not understand how to get the MAC address of the destination. Any help is appreciated. Thanks. abligh [...] do I need to get the MAC address of the destination ? No you shouldn't, in most cases. From the man-page of raw(7) (my emphasis): Raw sockets allow new IPv4 protocols to be implemented in user space. A raw socket receives or sends the raw datagram not including link level headers . This is only logical, because you might be

ICMP报文

不想你离开。 提交于 2019-12-01 07:49:39
一、 简介 ICMP(INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL)网络控制消息协议。 协议号为1 ICMP报文在IP报文内部 一、 ICMP 类型: ICMP报文主要有两个功能:查询报文和差错报文 二、 ICMP 报文头: //定义ICMP首部 typedef struct _icmphdr{   unsigned char i_type; //8位类型   unsigned char i_code; //8位代码   unsigned short i_cksum; //16位校验和, 从TYPE开始,直到最后一位用户数据,如果为字节数为奇数则补充一位   unsigned short i_id ; //识别号(一般用进程号作为识别号), 用于匹配ECHO和ECHO REPLY包   unsigned short i_seq ; //报文序列号, 用于标记ECHO报文顺序   unsigned int timestamp; //时间戳 }ICMP_HEADER; 一、 ICMP 报文的各种状态: 目的不可达报文(Destination Unreachable Message) 找不到目的IP传递路径 code: 0 = net unreachable 1 = host unreachable 2 = protocol unreachable 3 = port

Sending ICMP ping

好久不见. 提交于 2019-12-01 07:14:01
问题 For ICMP ping request (echo request) do I need to get the MAC address of the destination ? I am trying to learn how to implement this in C using raw sockets but can not understand how to get the MAC address of the destination. Any help is appreciated. Thanks. 回答1: [...] do I need to get the MAC address of the destination ? No you shouldn't, in most cases. From the man-page of raw(7) (my emphasis): Raw sockets allow new IPv4 protocols to be implemented in user space. A raw socket receives or

How to ping using C sockets

会有一股神秘感。 提交于 2019-12-01 03:45:36
Compiler: Code::Blocks(GNU GCC) Platform: Windows(x86) Includes: winsock.h winsock2.h (ws2_32 is linked as well) I am currently trying to write a program that will read a text file containing a list of IP-Addresses and ping each IP-Addresses respectively. If the host responds to the ping then the host's IP-Address will be copied to a seconded file specified by the user. Unfourtantly this is the first time I have used C's socket library and I cannot find a good tutorial about how to ping using C. From what I understand of the couple tutorials I did find. I need to included a ICMP header, which

基于ICMP协议的ping命令

隐身守侯 提交于 2019-12-01 03:03:21
要模拟实现ping命令,就需要对ICMP协议有所了解: ICMP:Internet控制报文协议,它是TCP/IP协议族中的一个子协议,用于在IP主机,路由之间传递信息的协议。 传输的信息包括: 1.目的不可达消息 2.超时消息 3.重定向消息 4.时间戳请求和时间戳响应消息 5.回显请求和回显响应消息。 ping命令 的机制就是回显请求和回显应答消息,具体是向网络上另一个主机上发送ICMP报文,如果指定的主机得到了这个报文,就将报文原封不动的发送回发送者。 ICMP报文格式: 类型:回显请求报文其中类型为0,代码为0 代码:回显应答报文其中类型为8,代码为0 校验和:包括数据在内整个ICMP协议数据包校验和 标识符:用于文艺标识ICMP报文,Linux中使用进程ID 序列号:报文的序列号 数据:ping中将发送报文的时间戳放入数据字段 通过下面的代码可以打印出IP协议头部的格式: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> #include <netinet/ip.h>

How to enable Ping(ICMP) on Azure

久未见 提交于 2019-12-01 01:40:20
问题 In Windows Azure role, I cannot ping out D:\Users\foglight>ping www.google.com Pinging www.l.google.com [209.85.143.104] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 209.85.143.104: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), I google it and found some one suggest run below command, but even after run it, I still can not ping out netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="ICMPv6" dir=in action=allow enable=yes

使用nmcli设置网络

假装没事ソ 提交于 2019-12-01 00:31:57
给新添加的网卡配置IP地址 现有新添加的两张网卡eno33554992和eno50332216 在server1上使用nmcli [root@server_1 network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name eth1 type ethernet ifname eno33554992 ip4 192.168.19.102/24 gw4 192.168.19.1 Connection ‘eth1’ (8099abb8-2a30-4d11-a3ae-ce4c5c534d8b) successfully added. [root@server_1 network-scripts]# nmcli connection add con-name eth2 type ethernet ifname eno50332216 ip4 192.168.19.103/24 gw4 192.168.19.1 Connection ‘eth2’ (f127ca55-37d3-4913-8b62-1969ceabaacd) successfully added. [root@server_1 network-scripts]# ip addr 2 : eno16777736 : < BROADCAST , MULTICAST , UP , LOWER_UP >

Maximum legal size of ICMP echo packet

送分小仙女□ 提交于 2019-12-01 00:09:12
Can someone please explain why maximum legal size of ICMP echo packet is calculated as follows: 65535 - 20 - 8 = 65507 Thanks. 65535 bytes is the maximum allowed size of a IPv4 network packet, while 20 and 8 are the sizes of the IP and ICMP headers, which leaves up to 65507 bytes for the ICMP data. 来源: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9449837/maximum-legal-size-of-icmp-echo-packet

防火墙iptables

半腔热情 提交于 2019-11-30 23:09:46
防火墙iptables iptables是开源的基于数据包过滤的防火墙工具。 iptables应用场景 1、主机防火墙(filter表的INPUT链)。 2、局域网共享上网(nat表的POSTROUTING链)。NAT功能。 3、端口及IP映射(nat表的PREROUTING链),硬防的NAT功能。 4、IP一对一映射。 iptables工作流程 iptables是采用数据包过滤机制工作的,所以它会对请求的数据包的包头数据进行分析,并根据我们预先设定的规则进行匹配来决定是否可以进入主机。 1.防火墙是一层层过滤的。实际是按照配置规则的顺序从上到下,从前到后进行过滤的。 2.如果匹配上了规则,即明确表明是阻止还是通过,此时数据包就不在向下匹配新规则了。 3.如果所有规则中没有明确表明是阻止还是通过这个数据包,也就是没有匹配上规则,向下进行匹配,直到匹配默认规则得到明确的阻止还是通过。 4.防火墙的默认规则是对应链的所有的规则执行完以后才会执行的(最后执行的规则)。 iptables四表五链 Filter NAT iptables工作原理图 iptables环境安装 [root@lb01 ~]# yum -y install iptables-services [root@lb01 ~]# systemctl start iptables.service [root@lb01 ~]#