I have recently become frustrated with the new clang compiler included with Xcode 5. I was wondering what the best way to install GNU GCC on OS X would be.
Things to consider:
- I don't want to use MacPorts, fink, homebrew or any other third party package manager.
- I would like to use the latest GCC, compiled from source, if possible.
- I need the existing GCC (hardlink to clang) to remain the default, but to easily be able to use GNU GCC when I need to.
- I would like to avoid modifying the code if at all possible.
EDIT: Success! Using GCC 4.9.2 (with GMP 5.1.3, MPFR 3.1.2, MPC 1.0.2, ISL 0.12.2, and CLooG 0.18.1) I succesfully built GCC. Tips to take from here:
- Make sure you use ISL and CLooG. Yes, they are optional, but they make a more optimised compiler and I had trouble building without them. Make sure you use ISL 0.12, not the latest version (0.14).
- If possible, use the standalone Developer Tools, not XCode. (XCode has some buggy headers, and while I didn't notice any issues building GCC I have had issues with other software (e.g. GPG)).
- I recommend putting all your sources in the gcc directory, rather than building and installing separately (it's faster this way)
- Make sure you invoke
configure with CC=clang CXX=clang++ so GCC knows it isn't being compiled by GCC. - Definitely, definitely, definitely, invoke
make with -j8, or otherwise the build will take about 4 hours! (With -j8, it took 1 1/3 hours on my Mid-2012 MBP with 8gb RAM.) (make -j8 means make can build 8 threads simultaneously (4 cores + HT), whereas on a 2-core machine you would run make -j4.)
Hope this helps!
The way I do it is:
Download the source for GCC and numerous supporting packages. The instructions are in the gcc-4.x.y/INSTALL/index.html file in the GCC source code, or online at http://gcc.gnu.org/install/.
Use a script to extract the source for GCC and the support libraries into a directory, create the object directory, and run the build.
This is the script I used for GCC 4.8.2:
GCC_VER=gcc-4.8.2 tar -xf ${GCC_VER}.tar.bz2 || exit 1 ( cd ${GCC_VER} || exit cat
When that finishes, run the install too. Then add $HOME/gcc/gcc-4.8.2/bin (the name you specify in --prefix plus /bin) to your PATH ahead of /usr/bin.
With a decent MacBook Pro with a 5400 rpm spinning disk, it takes an hour or two to compile everything (using the -j8 option to make), and requires multiple gigabytes of disk space while compiling. SSD is nice when doing this (definitely faster)!
GCC 4.9.0 was released on 2014-04-22. I've installed it using basically the same process, but with CLooG 0.18.1 and ISL 0.12.2 (required updates) and GMP 5.1.3 (and 6.0.0a), MPC 1.0.2 (or 1.0.1) and MPFR 3.1.2 on Mac OS X 10.9.2 Mavericks and an Ubuntu 12.04 derivative. Beware that the gmp-6.0.0a.tar.xz extracts into directory gmp-6.0.0 (not gmp-6.0.0a as you might expect).
Between 2014 and 2017-09-27, I've built GCC versions 4.9.0, 4.9.1, 5.1.0, 5.2.0, 5.3.0, 6.1.0, 6.2.0, 6.3.0, 7.1.0 with only minor variations in the build script shown below for GCC 7.2.0 on macOS Sierra (10.12). The versions of the auxilliary libraries changed reasonably often.
macOS Sierra and High Sierra
On 2017-08-14, I used a minor variant of the script above to build GCC 7.2.0 on macOS Sierra 10.12 (using XCode 8 as the bootstrap compiler). One change is that CLooG doesn't seem to be needed any more (I stopped adding it with GCC 6.2.0). This is my current script:
#!/bin/bash #export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(clnpath $(dirname $(dirname $(which g++)))/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH) unset DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH TAR=/opt/gnu/bin/tar VER_NUM=7.2.0 GCC_VER=gcc-${VER_NUM} TGT_BASE=/opt/gcc TGT_DIR=${TGT_BASE}/v${VER_NUM} CC=/usr/bin/clang CXX=/usr/bin/clang++ extract() { echo "Extract $1" $TAR -xf $1 } if [ ! -d "$GCC_VER" ] then extract ${GCC_VER}.tar.xz || exit 1 fi ( cd ${GCC_VER} || exit nbncl &2; exit 1; fi if [ ! -d "$file-$vrsn" ] then ( set -x extract "$tarfile" && ln -s "$file-$vrsn" "$file" ) || exit 1 fi done ) if [ $? = 0 ] then mkdir ${GCC_VER}-obj cd ${GCC_VER}-obj ../${GCC_VER}/configure --prefix="${TGT_DIR}" \ CC="${CC}" \ CXX="${CXX}" make -j8 bootstrap fi
Make sure your version of tar supports all 4 different compressed file formats (.lz, .gz, .xz, .bz2), but since the standard Mac version of tar does that for me, it'll probably work for you too.
On 2017-09-27, I failed to build GCC 7.2.0 on macOS High Sierra 10.13 (using XCode 9 for the bootstrap compiler) using the same script as worked on Sierra 10.12. The immediate error was a missing header xcode-select --install multiple times; the fact that I had to run it multiple times because of network glitches may be part of the trouble.)
Use a pre-compiled binary specifically for OS X 10.9.x Mavericks:
→ gcc-4.9
Compiled using source code from the GNU servers.
This contains current versions (4.7 is the stable release) of gfortran (free, open source, GNU Fortran 95 compiler), gcc (GNU C) and g++ (GNU C++) compilers that can perform auto-vectorization (i.e. modify code to take advantage of AltiVec/SSE, automatically) and other sophisticated optimizations like OpenMP. For more information, see this webpage.
Download my binaries, and cd to the download folder. Then gunzip gcc-4.9-bin.tar.gz (if your browser didn't do so already) and then sudo tar -xvf gcc-4.9-bin.tar -C /. It installs everything in /usr/local. You can invoke the Fortran 95 compiler by simply typing gfortran. You will also need to have Apple's XCode Tools installed from the Mac App Store. With XCode 4 or 5 you will need to download the command-line tools as an additional step. You will find the option to download the command-line tools in XCode's Preferences.
On 10.9 Mavericks, you can get the command-line tools by simply typing xcode-select --install.
Homebrew now has the GCC package so you can install it with this command:
brew install gcc
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