invalid use of non-static member function [duplicate]

问题:

This question already has an answer here:

• problem sorting using member function as comparator 7 answers

I have something like this:

class Bar       {       public:         pair<string,string> one;         std::vector<string> cars;         Bar(string one, string two, string car);       };  class Car       {       public:         string rz;         Bar* owner;         Car(string car, Bar* p);       };  class Foo        {          public:           Foo  ( void );           ~Foo  ( void );           int Count ( const string & one, const string &  two) const;           int comparator (const Bar & first, const Bar & second) const;                         std::vector<Bar> bars;        };  int Foo::comparator(const Bar & first, const Bar & second) const{   return first.name < second.name; }  int Foo::Count  ( const string & one, const string & two ) const{   int result=0;   Bar mybar = Bar( one, two, "" );   std::vector<Bar>::iterator ToFind = lower_bound(bars.begin(), bars.end(), mybar, comparator);   if (ToFind != bars.end() && ToFind->one == mybar.one ){     result = ...   }   return result; } 

The method Foo::Count should use std::lower_bound() to find element in vector<Bar> according to pair of two strings. Now the part which doesn't work. To lower_bound() I'm providing method comparator(). I thought it was okay, but g++ says:

c.cpp: In member function ‘int Foo::Count(const string&, const string&) const’: c.cpp:42:94: error: invalid use of non-static member function std::vector<Bar>::iterator ToFind = lower_bound(bars.begin(), bars.end(), mybar, comparator); 

And the method Count() must stay const...

I'm quite new to C++ because I'm forced to learn it.

Any ideas?

回答1:

You must make Foo::comparator static or wrap it in a std::mem_fun class object. This is because lower_bounds expects the comparor to be a class of object that has a call operator, like a function pointer or a functor object. Also, if you are using C++11 or later, you can also do as dwcanillas suggests and use a lambda function. C++11 also has std::bind too.

Examples:

// Binding: std::lower_bounds(first, last, value, std::bind(&Foo::comparitor, this, _1, _2)); // Lambda: std::lower_bounds(first, last, value, [](const Bar & first, const Bar & second) { return ...; }); 

回答2:

The simplest fix is to make the comparator function be static:

static int comparator (const Bar & first, const Bar & second); ^^^^^^ 

When invoking it in Count, its name will be Foo::comparator.

The way you have it now, it does not make sense to be a non-static member function because it does not use any member variables of Foo.

Another option is to make it a non-member function, especially if it makes sense that this comparator might be used by other code besides just Foo.

回答3:

You shall pass a this pointer to tell the function which object to work on because it relies on that as opposed to a static member function.

文章来源: invalid use of non-static member function [duplicate]