I need advice on setting styles in Openpyxl.
I see that the NumberFormat of a cell can be set, but I also require setting of font colors and attributes (bold etc). There is a style.py class but it seems I can't set the style attribute of a cell, and I don't really want to start tinkering with the openpyxl source code.
Has anyone found a solution to this?
As of openpyxl version 1.5.7, I have successfully applied the following worksheet style options...
from openpyxl.reader.excel import load_workbook from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Color, Fill from openpyxl.cell import Cell # Load the workbook... book = load_workbook('foo.xlsx') # define ws here, in this case I pick the first worksheet in the workbook... # NOTE: openpyxl has other ways to select a specific worksheet (i.e. by name # via book.get_sheet_by_name('someWorksheetName')) ws = book.worksheets[0] ## ws is a openpypxl worksheet object _cell = ws.cell('C1') # Font properties _cell.style.font.color.index = Color.GREEN _cell.style.font.name = 'Arial' _cell.style.font.size = 8 _cell.style.font.bold = True _cell.style.alignment.wrap_text = True # Cell background color _cell.style.fill.fill_type = Fill.FILL_SOLID _cell.style.fill.start_color.index = Color.DARKRED # You should only modify column dimensions after you have written a cell in # the column. Perfect world: write column dimensions once per column # ws.column_dimensions["C"].width = 60.0 FYI, you can find the names of the colors in openpyxl/style.py... I sometimes I patch in extra colors from the X11 color names
class Color(HashableObject): """Named colors for use in styles.""" BLACK = 'FF000000' WHITE = 'FFFFFFFF' RED = 'FFFF0000' DARKRED = 'FF800000' BLUE = 'FF0000FF' DARKBLUE = 'FF000080' GREEN = 'FF00FF00' DARKGREEN = 'FF008000' YELLOW = 'FFFFFF00' DARKYELLOW = 'FF808000' As of openpyxl 2.0, styles are immutable.
If you have a cell, you can (e.g.) set bold text by:
cell.style = cell.style.copy(font=cell.style.font.copy(bold=True))
Yes, this is annoying.
As of openpyxl 2.0, setting cell styles is done by creating new style objects and by assigning them to properties of a cell.
There are several style objects: Font, PatternFill, Border, and Alignment. See the doc.
To change a style property of a cell, first you either have to copy the existing style object from the cell and change the value of the property or you have to create a new style object with the desired settings. Then, assign the new style object to the cell.
Example of setting the font to bold and italic of cell A1:
from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font # Create workbook wb = Workbook() # Select active sheet ws = wb.active() # Select cell A1 cell = ws['A1'] # Make the text of the cell bold and italic cell.font = cell.font.copy(bold=True, italic=True) As of openpyxl-1.7.0 you can do this too:
cell.style.fill.start_color.index = "FF124191" I've got a couple of helper functions which set a style on a given cell - things like headers, footers etc.
Like openpyxl doc said:
This is an open source project, maintained by volunteers in their spare time. This may well mean that particular features or functions that you would like are missing.
I checked openpyxl source code, found that:
Till openpyxl 1.8.x, styles are mutable. Their attribute can be assigned directly like this:
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook from openpyxl.style import Color wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws['A1'].style.font.color.index = Color.RED However from of openpyxl 1.9, styles are immutable.
Styles are shared between objects and once they have been assigned they cannot be changed. This stops unwanted side-effects such as changing the style for lots of cells when instead of only one.
To create a new style object, you can assign it directly, or copy one from an existing cell's style with new attributes, answer to the question as an example(forgive my Chinese English):
from openpyxl.styles import colors from openpyxl.styles import Font, Color from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active a1 = ws['A1'] d4 = ws['D4'] # create a new style with required attributes ft_red = Font(color=colors.RED) a1.font = ft_red # you can also do it with function copy ft_red_bold = ft_red.copy(bold=True) # you can copy from a cell's style with required attributes ft_red_sigle_underline = a1.font.copy(underline="single") d4.font = ft_red_bold # apply style to column E col_e = ws.column_dimensions['E'] col_e.font = ft_red_sigle_underline A cell' style contains these attributes: font, fill, border, alignment, protection and number_format. Check openpyxl.styles.
They are similar and should be created as an object, except number_format, its value is string type.
Some pre-defined number formats are available, number formats can also be defined in string type. Check openpyxl.styles.numbers.
from openpyxl.styles import numbers # use pre-defined values ws.cell['T49'].number_format = numbers.FORMAT_GENERAL ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = numbers.FORMAT_DATE_XLSX15 # use strings ws.cell['T57'].number_format = 'General' ws.cell(row=3, column=5).number_format = 'd-mmm-yy' ws.cell['E5'].number_format = '0.00' ws.cell['E50'].number_format = '0.00%' ws.cell['E100'].number_format = '_ * #,##0_ ;_ * -#,##0_ ;_ * "-"??_ ;_ @_ ' from openpyxl.styles import Font from openpyxl.styles.colors import Color ws1['A1'].font = Font(color = "FF0000") hex codes for various colors can be found at: http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/colors.htm