Linux-硬盘分区和分区工具（一）

当新的硬件设备被添加到Linux中时，系统能自动识别，但新添加的硬盘必须要进行分区、格式化和挂载后才能使用。

fdisk -l

#硬盘sda的分区信息： #sda被分成两个主分区sda1和sda3，一个swap分区sda2，一个扩展分区sda4，其中包含逻辑分区sda5 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e50ae     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux /dev/sda2          411648     4605951     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3         4605952     8701951     2048000   83  Linux /dev/sda4         8701952    41943039    16620544    5  Extended /dev/sda5         8704000    41943039    16619520   83  Linux  #硬盘sdb的信息：8GB空间，未分区 Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x740e36e3     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to          switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to          sectors (command 'u'). #命令u：以扇区sector为单位分区 Command (m for help): u Changing display/entry units to sectors  #划分主分区sdb1，并分配2GB空间 Command (m for help): n Command action    e   extended    p   primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First sector (63-16777215, default 63): #直接回车，采用默认值 Using default value 63 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (63-16777215, default 16777215): +2G  #划分扩展分区sdb2，并分配剩余所有磁盘空间 Command (m for help): n Command action    e   extended    p   primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 2 First sector (4194368-16777215, default 4194368):  Using default value 4194368 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4194368-16777215, default 16777215):  Using default value 16777215  #划分逻辑分区sdb5，并分配2GB磁盘空间 Command (m for help): n Command action    l   logical (5 or over)    p   primary partition (1-4) l First sector (4194431-16777215, default 4194431):  Using default value 4194431 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4194431-16777215, default 16777215): +2G

#命令p：打印磁盘分区方案（比上一步新增逻辑分区sdb6分配剩余所有空间） Command (m for help): p  Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x740e36e3     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sdb1              63     4194367     2097152+  83  Linux /dev/sdb2         4194368    16777215     6291424    5  Extended /dev/sdb5         4194431     8388735     2097152+  83  Linux /dev/sdb6         8388799    16777215     4194208+  83  Linux  #命令w：将分区信息写入磁盘并退出 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered!  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

p.s.

• fdisk分区工具采用交互式，即系统提问、用户作答响应的方式进行分区；
• 简单易懂、不易出错，但相较命令方式慢、效率低下；
• 可以随时使用m命令调用help；
• 分区结束不是即时生效的，要调用w命令将分区方案写入磁盘分区表。

文章来源: Linux-硬盘分区和分区工具（一）